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Digestive
Anatomy 1
62
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
08/12/2009

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Cards

Term
1. What is another term for the digestive tract/gastrointestinal tract?
Definition
alimentary canal
Term
2. The alimentary canal extends from the mouth to ______?
Definition
the anus
Term
3. What structures are part of the alimentary canal?
Definition
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
Term
4. What are the accessory digestive organs?
Definition
teeth, tongue, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, and salivary glands
Term
5. What is the serous membrane that lines the internal surface of the walls of the abdominal cavity?
Definition
parietal peritoneum
Term
6. what is the serous membrane that covers the external surface of organs in the abdonminal cavity?
Definition
visceral peritoneum
Term
7. What is the space between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum?
Definition
peritoneal cavity
Term
8. Is there fluid found in the peritoneal cavity?
Definition
yes, small amount of peritoneal fluid
Term
9. What is a fused double layer of peritoneum that extends from the body wall to a digestive organ?
Definition
a mesentery
Term
10. What holds most of the abdominal organs in place?
Definition
mesenteries
Term
11. Organs found behind the parietal peritoneum are called _________.
Definition
retroperitoneal organs
Term
12. Are retroperitoneal organs suspended by a mesentery?
Definition
no
Term
13. What condition is an inflammation of the peritoneum?
Definition
Peritonitis
Term
14. What can cause peritonitis?
Definition
Chemical irritation (bile escaped from damaged digestive tract) or infection that started in the digestive tract (ruptured appendix)
Term
15. What two muscles are major components of the lips and cheeks?
Definition
Orbicularis oris (lips) and buccinator (cheeks)
Term
16. What two processes are the lips and cheeks involved with?
Definition
Mastication (chewing) and speech (well, facial expression also)
Term
17. What part of the oral cavity forms the “roof” of the mouth?
Definition
Hard palate
Term
18. What is the function of the hard palate?
Definition
The tongue pushes food against it during chewing (also involved with speech)
Term
19. Where is the soft palate located?
Definition
In oral cavity posterior to the hard palate
Term
20. What is the soft palate composed of?
Definition
Skeletal muscle
Term
21. What is the function of the soft palate?
Definition
Closes off nasopharynx when you swallow
Term
22. What 3 processes does the tongue aide in?
Definition
Chewing, swallowing, and speech
Term
23. What are the 3 types of papillae located on the tongue?
Definition
Filiform, fungiform, and vallate
Term
24. Which type of papillae is the most numerous, giving the tongue a rough appearance, but DOES NOT contain taste buds?
Definition
Filiform papillae
Term
25. Which type of papillae are scattered throughout the tongue, appear as red dots, and DOES contain taste buds?
Definition
Fungiform papillae
Term
26. Which type of papillae are the largest papillae, form a v-shaped row at the back of the tongue, and DOES contain taste buds?
Definition
Vallate papillae
Term
27. How many teeth are in the deciduous (primary) set of teeth?
Definition
20
Term
28. How many teeth are in the permanent (secondary) set of teeth?
Definition
32
Term
29. What is the innermost layer of the tooth?
Definition
Pulp cavity
Term
30. What is contained in the pulp cavity?
Definition
Blood vessels, nerves, and pulp
Term
31. What is the pulp cavity within the root called?
Definition
Root canal
Term
32. What is the next layer superficial to the pulp cavity?
Definition
Layer of dentin
Term
33. What is dentin?
Definition
Living, cellular, calcified tissue
Term
34. What surrounds the layer of dentin in the root?
Definition
Layer of cementum
Term
35. What is the function of cementum?
Definition
Helps anchor tooth in jaw
Term
36. What surrounds the layer of dentin in the crown?
Definition
Enamel
Term
37. What is the function of enamel?
Definition
Protects tooth from abrasion and acids
Term
38. What is the name for the hole at the point of each root where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the tooth?
Definition
Apical foramen
Term
39. What is the name for the sockets along the mandible and maxilla where teeth are set into?
Definition
Alveoli
Term
40. What type of tissue is the gingiva (gums)?
Definition
Stratified squamous epithelium (same as oral cavity)
Term
41. What structure secures the teeth in the alveoli?
Definition
Periodontal ligament
Term
42. Food from the oral cavity passes through the _______ into the oropharynx.
Definition
Fauces
Term
43. Food from the oropharynx will then pass into what?
Definition
Laryngopharynx
Term
44. Food from the laryngopharynx will then pass into _______ , which carries food to the stomach.
Definition
Esophagus
Term
45. Does digestion START in the esophagus?
Definition
No
Term
46. Name the 4 main layers of the digestive tube (esophagus-anus) starting from the inside of the tube to the outermost layer.
Definition
1. mucosa 2. submucosa 3. muscularis 4. serosa/adventitia
Term
47. In the digestive tube, what are the 3 layers within the mucosa?
Definition
Inner epithelium, middle lamina propria (loose connective tissue), and outer muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle)
Term
48. Are there glands located within the mucosa?
Definition
Yes
Term
49. In the digestive tube, what type of tissue is the submucosa?
Definition
connective tissue
Term
50. What would you find within the submucosa of the digestive tube?
Definition
blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and glands
Term
51. In the digestive tube, how many layers of muscle are there in the muscularis layer?
Definition
2 layers (stomach - 3)
Term
52. What type of muscle and which direction is the muscle going in the innermost layer of the muscularis?
Definition
smooth muscle / circular
Term
53. What type of muscle and which direction is the muscle going in the outer layer of the muscularis?
Definition
smooth muscle / longitudinal
Term
54. How is the muscle in the muscularis layer of the esophagus different?
Definition
it is not smooth, it is striated (some skeletal)
Term
55. How is the muscularis layer of the stomach different?
Definition
it has an extra layer under the circular layer that is oblique smooth muscle
Term
56. The outermost layer of the digestive tube is the serosa/adventitia - what else is this layer known as?
Definition
visceral peritoneum
Term
57. What type of tissue is the serosa/adventitia?
Definition
connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) - remember, it is a serous membrane
Term
58. What type of tissue is the parietal and visceral peritoneum?
Definition
connective tissue + simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)
Term
59. What type of tissue lines the oral cavity?
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium
Term
60. What type of tissue lines the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium
Term
61. What type of tissue lines the inside mucosa of the esophagus?
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium
Term
62. What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Definition
protection
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