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Digestive System Functions
contains unit 25 pre lab excercise 1
92
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/27/2012

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Term
Alimentary Canal aka
Definition
Aka: digestive tract & gastrointestinal tract (GI)
Term
Alimentary Canal Consists of:
Definition
Consists of:
 Oral cavity’
 Pharynx
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Small & large intestine
Term
Accessory Organ fcn
Definition
secrete their products into digestive tract
Term
Accessory Organ include
Definition
 Teeth
 Tongue
 Glandular organs:
 Salivary glands
 Liver
 Pancreas
Term
Peritoneal
Definition
Serous membrane is divided into parietal & Visceral
Term
Visceral Peritoneal aka
Definition
serosa
Term
Visceral Peritoneal fcn
Definition
Covers organs within peritoneal cavity
Term
Parietal Peritoneal fcn
Definition
Lines inner surfaces of body wall
Term
Peritoneum cavity lcated
Definition
Located in abdominopelvic cavity
Term
Peritoneum cavity def
Definition
Lined with serous membrane which produces peritoneal fluid for:

Lubrication
Separates visceral and parietal layers
Term
Cardioesophageal sphincter located
Definition
in lower esophagus
Term
Cardioesophageal sphincter fcn
Definition
prevents backflow of materials from the stomach to the esophagus
Term
rugae def
Definition
Prominent folds in stomach in which mucosa can embed in when the stomach is relaxed
Term
rugae fcn
Definition
let gastric lumen expand
Term
Pyloric sphincter located
Definition
pylorus (sharp curve of the J) of the stomach
Term
Pyloric sphincter fcn
Definition
regulates release of chime into duodenum
Term
duodenum location
Definition
small intestine segment closest to stomach,
Retroperitoneal vert. L1& L4
Term
the duodenum‘curves in a ‘C’ that encloses the________
Definition
pancreas
Term
duodenum fcn
Definition
mixing bowl’ receives :
 Stomach: chime
 Pancreas &liver: digestive secretions
Term
Middle part of sm. Intestine, where
Small intestine re-enters peritoneal cavity
Definition
jejunum
Term
jejunum fcn
Definition
bulk of chemical digestion & nutrient absorption
Term
Last part of small intestine, longest
Definition
ileum
Term
ileum ends with
Definition
ileocecal valve
Term
ileocecal valve fcn
Definition
a sphincter that controls flow of material from ileum to the cecum of large intestine.
Term
colon , how does it differ from sm.intestine?
Definition
Larger diameter & thinner wall than sm.intestine
Term
important features of colon
Definition
 Haustra
 Taeniae coli
 Fatty appendices
 Tear-dropped sacs in serosa
Term
haustra
Definition
pouches on colon wall
Term
Taeniae coli
Definition
3 bands of smooth muscle, this muscle tone creates the haustra on the colon wall
Term
Fatty appendices in colon aka
Definition
epiloic appendages
Term
4 regions
Definition
Ascending
Tranverse
Descending
sigmoid
Term
Salivary glands
Definition
3 pairs that empty into oral cavity
Term
name all 3 salivary glands
Definition
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
Term
Parotid salivary glands are located
Definition
inf to zygomatic arch
Term
Submandibular & Parotid & sublingual salivary glands produce
Definition
salivary amylase
Term
Sublingual salivary glands produce
Definition
Produce a mucous that acts a buffer &lubricant
Term
Secretions drained by the parotid salivary gland
Definition
parotid duct (Stensen duct)
Term
Sublingual salivary gland located
Definition
under the tongue
Term
Sublingual salivary gland ducts called
Definition
Rivinus ducts
Term
Submandibular salivary gland ducts called
Definition
Wharton ducts
Term
Submandibular salivary gland located
Definition
mandibular groove
Term
Submandibular salivary gland produces
Definition
salivary amylase
Buffers
Glycoproteins: mucins
Term
pancreas located
Definition
posterior to stomach,
Extends laterally from duodenum toward spleen
Term
pancreas fcn
Definition
exocrine organ(digestive enzymes +buffers)
Term
Lg pancreatic duct called
Definition
duct of Wirsung
Term
duct of Wirsung fcn
Definition
Delivers secretions to duodenum
Term
Sm pancreatic duct called
Definition
duct of Santorini
Term
Pancreatic duct extends to: _______where it meets ______ from liver & gallbladder
Definition
duodenum,
common bile duct
Term
the common bile duct & the pancreatic duct empty into
Definition
Duodenal ampulla (ampulla of water)
Term
Largest visceral organ
Definition
liver
Term
what Divides the L & R lobe of liver
Definition
Falciform ligament
Term
Falciform ligament is located on
Definition
anterior surface of liver
Term
Posterior (back) surface of liver has what lobes?
Definition
right lobe & small caudate lobe
Term
right lobe & small caudate lobe division made by an impression created by the _____
Definition
inf. vena cava
Term
Quadrate lobe is located
Definition
inf. To caudate lobe
Lies btwn left lobe & gallbladder
Term
name all 4 lobes of liver
Definition
L & R lobe
small caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe
Term
Porta hepatis means
Definition
doorway to liver
Term
Porta hepatis fcn
Definition
Where afferent blood vessels & other structures meet (they travel through liver by lesser omentum.
Term
Overall fcn of the liver
Definition
metabolic regulation
Hematological regulation
Bile production
Term
gallbladder def
Definition
Hollow organ that stores & concentrates bile before it is excreted to sm. Intestine
Term
3 regions of gallbladder
Definition
fundus, body,neck
Term
Cystic duct located
Definition
gallbladder
Term
Cystic duct
Extends from ______ to point where its meets to with ______ to form _________
Definition
gallbladder,
common hepatic duct
common BILE duct
Term
Duodenal ampulla
Definition
chamber in which collects fluid from the union of common bile duct & pancreatic duct
Term
the ascending colon begins at the
Definition
superior border of cecum
Term
the structure which marks the end of the ascending colon & the beginning of the transverse colon is the
Definition
right colic flexure

(remember transverse colon runs right to left)
Term
right colic flexure aka
Definition
hepatic flexure
Term
transverse colon crosses the abdomen from
Definition
right to left
Term
the transverse colon is seperated from anterior abdominal wall by
Definition
greater omentum
Term
transverse colon becomes the descending colon by
Definition
make a 90 degree turn (inf to spleen) at LEFT colic flexure
Term
left colic flexure aka
Definition
splenic flexure
Term
the descending colon is located on the
Definition
left side of person's body
Term
the descending colon ends at the
Definition
iliac fossa
Term
at the iliac fossa the descending colon curves at the ________ and becomes the sigmoid colon
Definition
sigmoid flexure
Term
the sigmoid colon begins at the
Definition
sigmoid flexure
Term
describe shape of sigmoid colon
Definition
S shaped
Term
location of sigmoid colon
Definition
last segment of colon that empties into rectum
Term
sigmoid colon empties into
Definition
rectum
Term
give order of colon divisions
Definition
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon colon
Term
the stomach consists of
Definition
fundus
cardia
middle body
pyloric antrum
plyorus
Term
name 3 layers of smooth muscle in stomach
Definition
inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

work together to turn food into chyme
Term
food in the stomach is churned into a liquid called
Definition
chyme
Term
give order of sm. intestine components
Definition
duodenum (shortest)
jejunum
ileum (longest)
Term
give order of lg. intestine
Definition
vermiform appendix
cecum
colon (ascend,transverse,descending,sigmoid)
rectum
anal canal
Term
vermiform appendix def
Definition
sac that extends from cecum & contains lymphatic nodules
Term
rectum
Definition
straight pt of lg. intestine that runs along sacrum
Term
terminal portion of lg. intestine
Definition
anal canal
Term
name the 2 sphincters of anal canal
Definition
INvoluntary internal anal sphincter

voluntary external anal sphincter
Term
the muscle movements of the musclaris externa is called
Definition
peristalsis
Term
the upper 1/3 of esophagus is made up
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
the middle 1/3 of esophagus is made up of
Definition
half smooth muscle & half skeletal muscle
Term
the last 1/3 of esophagus is made up of
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
the musclaris externa of the esophagus changes as it ________
Definition
progresses toward the stomach
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