Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Digestive System
Basic anatomy of the digestive system
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/31/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Pharynx
Definition
Joins the mouth and the oesophagus. Has two layers of skeletal muscle
Term
Mucosa
Definition
Inner tunic of the GI tract. Secretes mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones, absorbs end-products of digestion and protects against infectious disease
Term
Sub-mucosa
Definition
2nd tunic of the GI tract. Dense CT containing blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve plexus.
Term
Muscularis Externa
Definition
3rd tunic of the GI tract, consists of two layers of muscle. Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer
Term
Serosa (Visceral peritoneum)
Definition
Areolar CT, attaches and anchors gut
Term
Pyloric Sphincter
Definition
Allows food from stomach into duodenum
Term
Cardiac Sphincter
Definition
Conects oesophagus to stomach
Term
Iliocecal valve
Definition
Connects ilium to large intestine
Term
Amylase
Definition
Enzyme that disgests starch
Term
Mucous cells
Definition
Located below stomach epithelium, secrete mucus
Term
Parietal Cells
Definition
Located below stomach epithelium, secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
Term
Intrinsic Factor
Definition
Used for absorbtion of B12 in SI
Term
Zygomatic Cells
Definition
Located below stomach epithelium, secrete pesinogen
Term
Enteroendocrine Cells
Definition
Also called G-cells. Located below stomach epithelium, secrete hormones
Term
Mucosal Barrier
Definition
Contains bicarbonate ions that nutralise HCl, prevents stomach from digesting itself.
Term
Peristaltic Waves
Definition
Mix contents and squirt about 3 ml of liquid chyme through pyloric sphincter into duodenum. (3 per minute)
Term
Pepsinogen
Definition
Pepsinogen is a peptin precursor, converted in the presence of HCl
Term
Pepsin
Definition
An enzyme that converts protein to poly-peptides
Term
Cephalic Phase
Definition
First phase of gastric secretion - idea of food trigers increased gastric secretion
Term
Gastric Phase
Definition
Second phase of gastric secretion. Stomach distention increases secretion. Peptides, caffein and rise in pH stimulate the release of gastrin.
Term
Gastrin
Definition
A hormone that promotes gastric secretion
Term
Excitatory Intestinal Phase
Definition
Food entering duodenum stimulates secretion of intestinal gastrin
Term
Inhibitory Intestinal Phase
Definition
Distention of the duodenum and presence of chyme trigers endogastric reflex, resulting in the tightening of the pyloric sphincter and decrease in gastric secretion.
Term
Cholycystokinin (CCK)
Definition
Hormone that inhibits gastric seceretion and stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic juice
Term
Plicae Circularis
Definition
Circular folds in the SI
Term
Villi
Definition
Small-fingerlike projections in the small intestine
Term
Peyer's Patches
Definition
Lymphoid nodules in the submucosa of the small intestine
Term
Chylomicrons
Definition
Water-soluable, protien coated triglycerides, formed from FFA & Monoglycerols
Term
Hepatocytes
Definition
Main cells of the liver, formed into 6-sided lobules.
Term
Sinusoids
Definition
Blood vessels found in the liver
Term
Kupffer cells
Definition
Macrophages found in the sinusoids of the liver
Term
Bilirubin
Definition
Brown pigement in bile, formed from broken-down red blood cells
Term
Gall Bladder
Definition
Small, muscular sac that stores bile, when the duct is closed and bile backs up.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!