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Digestive System
Terms and facts about the Digestive System
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/21/2012

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Term
Uvula
Definition
Fleshy projection of soft palate; prevents food from going into nasopharynx.
Term
Vestibule
Definition
Between lips and gums/teeth.
Term
Pharynx
Definition
Naso/Oro/Laryngo.
Term
Esophagus
Definition
Movement of bolus from mouth to stomach.
Term
4 Layers of Tissue
Definition
1.Mucosa 2.Submucosa 3.Muscularis 4.Serosa
Term
Mucosa
Definition
Epithelium; simple columnar with villi.
Term
Submucosa
Definition
Nerve, arteries, veins and glands.
Term
Muscularis
Definition
Longitudinal & circular muscle.
Term
Serosa
Definition
Visceral Peritoneum.
Term
Submucosal Plexus
Definition
Nerve; mucous.
Term
Myenteric Plexus
Definition
Nerve; muscles.
Term
Stomach
Definition
Mixes, churns, starts chemical digestion of protein, only absorbs H2O and alcohol, chyme to the small intestine.
Term
Stomach Anatomy
Definition
Rugae: Expansion; internal folds, 1gal.
Omentum: Visceral peritoneum
Muscularis: Oblique, long. and circular
Term
Gastric Gland Cells
Definition
1.Mucous Neck Cells: Protect from stomach acid.
2.Chief Cells: Pepsinogens, protein
breakdown.
3.Parietal: Hydrochloric acid.
4.Enteroendocrine: Gastrin, hormone.
Term
Small Intestine
Definition
Major organ of digestion, chemical digestion & absorption of nutrients.
Duodenum; Jejunum; Ileum.
Term
Mesentery
Definition
Extension of visceral peritoneum on small and large intestines.
Term
Absorption Structures
Definition
1.Microvilli:increase surface area, on villi.
2.Villi:increase surface area, on plicae ciculares.
3.Plicae Circulares:circular folds, increase surface area.
Term
Lumen
Definition
Opening, hole.
Term
External Anal Sphincter
Definition
Skeletal muscle.
Term
Internal Anal Sphincter
Definition
Involuntary.
Term
Chemical Digestion
Definition
Chemical break-up, small intestine.
Term
Mechanical Digestion
Definition
Chewing, churning, segmentation.
Term
Segmentation
Definition
Mixing; haustrum.
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
Movement of food through the tube.
Term
Gallbladder
Definition
Stores bile.
Term
Bile
Definition
Emulsify; breaks down fat. Dumps into duodenum.
Term
Liver
Definition
Makes bile, stores glycogen.
Term
Pancreas
Definition
Pancreatic Lipase: Fats
Pancreatic Amylase: Carbohydrates
Insulin: Blood glucose down.
Glucagon: Blood glucose up.
Term
Saliva Enzymes
Definition
Salivary Lipase: Fats
Salivary Amylase: Carbs.
Term
Large Intestine
Definition
Absorbs water; bacteria breakdown complex carbohydrates. Cecum, Appendix,
haustrum, mesentery.
Term
4 Classifications of Teeth
Definition
1.Incisors: cutting
2.Canine: tearing/piercing
3.Premolars: grinding
4.Molars: grinding
Term
Enamel
Definition
Hard part.
Term
Pulp Cavity
Definition
Nerve, artery, vein.
Term
Cementum
Definition
"Glue".
Term
Dentin
Definition
Deep to enamel. Makes up most of tooth.
Term
Root Canal
Definition
Nerve, artery, vein.
Term
Neck
Definition
Crown meets gum.
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