Term
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Definition
Digests and absorbs food
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine |
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Term
| 6 Essential activities of the digestive process |
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Definition
Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Absorption
Defecation |
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Term
| GI tract regulatory mechanisms (4) |
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Definition
1.Mechanoreceptors
2. Chemoreceptors
3.Intrinsic Controls
4. Extrinsic Controls |
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Term
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Definition
Activation of digestive glands
smooth muscle stimulus to mix and move lumen contents |
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Term
| What are the layers of the GI tract (inside to out)? |
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Definition
1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa |
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Term
| What are the three layers in the mucosal layer? |
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Definition
Epithelium,
lamina propria,
muscularis mucosae. |
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Term
| In the epithelium layer of the mucosal layer, what kinds of tissues are where? |
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Definition
Tough tissue (stratified squamous) in mouth, esophagus, and anus.
More fragile tissue (simple columnar) everywhere else. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the epithelium layer of the mucosal layer - secrete mucous onto cell surfaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the epithelium layer of the mucosal layer - secrete hormones controlling organ function. |
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Term
| Lamina propria layer of the mucosal layer: def. and contains what? |
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Definition
| thin layer of loose connective tissue; contains blood vessels and lymphatic tissue. |
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Term
| Muscularis mucosae layer of the mucosal layer: def, functions |
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Definition
| very thin layer of smooth muscle; causes folds to form in mucosal layer, and increases local movements which increases absorption by exposing "new" nutrients |
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Term
| submucosa layer: def, contains what? |
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Definition
=loose connective tissue
-contains blood vessels, glands, and lymphatic tissue |
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Term
| submucosal (Meissner's) plexus |
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Definition
| part of the submucosal layer; involuntary nerves, innervation; does vasoconstriction, and local movement of muscularis mucosa |
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Term
| Skeletal muscle in the muscularis layer: locations and function |
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Definition
In mouth, pharynx, upper esophagus, and anus.
Voluntary control over swallowing and defecation |
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Term
| In the muscularis layer, the smooth muscle consists of inner ________ fibers and outer _________ fibers. |
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Definition
| In the muscularis layer, the smooth muscle consists of ______ circular fibers and ________ longitudinal fibers. |
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Term
| What is the function of the myenteric/Auerbach's plexus? |
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Definition
| Innervation of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers (of muscularis layer). |
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Term
| Serosa layer: def, location, function |
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Definition
Serous membrane
Covers all organs and wall cavities not open to the outside of the body.
Secretes serous fluid (slippery fluid). |
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Term
| 2 parts of the peritoneum |
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Definition
1. Parietal : covers wall of abdominal cavity
2. Visceral : covers organs (same as serosa layer) |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of cell signalling in which the target cell is near the signal-releasing cell. |
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Term
| the most important protein digesting enzyme produced by the gastric mucosa is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (meaning related to the stomach) |
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Term
| rennin, also called Chymosin,is: |
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Definition
| protein-digesting enzyme that curdles milk by transforming caseinogen into insoluble casein |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| disease in which the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) is impaired as the result of the body’s inability to absorb vitamin B12 |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by stomach, essential for vital absorption of V B12 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any of a group of digestive hormones secreted by the wall of the pyloric end of the stomach. released into the bloodstream when food enters the stomach and is carried by the circulatory system to the gastric cells in the stomach wall, where it triggers the secretion of gastric juice. |
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Term
| 3 phases of gastric secretion |
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Definition
| cephalic, gastric, intestinal |
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Term
| hepatopancreatic sphincter |
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Definition
| smooth muscle valve controlling the flow of bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas into the duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anchors liver to the lesser curvature of stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by liver, aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone secreted by the pancreas , raises blood glucose levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| a molecule that serves as the secondary long-term energy storage in animal and fungal cells, with the primary energy stores being held in adipose tissue. Glycogen is made primarily by the liver and the muscles, but can also be made by glycogenesis within the brain and stomach.[2] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and a bile duct (all found at each of 6 corners of a liver lobule) |
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Term
| enterohepatic circulation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the major functions of the digestive system. |
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Definition
1. Breaks down food into molecules.
2. Molecules are absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body.
3. Wastes are eliminated from body. |
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