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Digestive System
Final
125
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
07/23/2011

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Cards

Term
Oral Cavity
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
alimentary canal
Term
Pharynx
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
alimentary canal
Term
esophagus
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
alimentary canal
Term
stomach
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
alimentary canal
Term
small intestine
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
alimentary canal
Term
large intestine
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
alimentary canal
Term
anus
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
alimentary canal
Term
salivary glands
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
associative structure
Term
teeth
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
associative structure
Term
tongue
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
associative structure
Term
muscles of mastication
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
associative structure
Term
liver
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
associative structure
Term
gall bladder
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
associative structure
Term
pancreas
alimentary canal or associative structure?
Definition
associative structure
Term
define degluttition
Definition
swallowing
Term
define mastication
Definition
chewing
Term
define bolus
Definition
ball of food
Term
define chyme
Definition
bolus + secretions
thick soupy liquid in stomach
Term
define peristalsis
Definition
contraction of smooth muscles to propel food down digestive tract
Term
enzymes & water break down complex molecules to allow absorption
Definition
chemical digestion
Term
begins immediately after ingestion & is the actual process of mastication
Definition
mechanical digestion
Term
breaks down food so it can enter the body's digestive tract
Definition
mechanical digestion
Term
breaks down complex molecules in the digestive tract to allow absorption
Definition
chemical digestion
Term
chronological order of structures food will pass through from ingestion to defecation
Definition
oral cavity -> pharynx -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine -> anus
Term
valve b/t stomach and esophagus
Definition
cardiac valve
aka sphincter or lower esophageal valve
Term
digestion that involves muscle contraction
Definition
mechanical digestion
Term
valve b/t stomach & duodenum
Definition
pyloric valve
Term
valve b/t small intestine and large intestine
Definition
ileocecal valve or ileocecal sphincter
Term
parts of Small Intestine from most proximal to most distal
Definition
duodenum -> jejunum -> Ileum -> ileocecal sphincter
Term
parts of Large Intestine from most proximal to most distal
Definition
Cecum -> Colon -> Rectum -> Anal Canal
Term
converts bilirubin into bile
emulsification of fat
detoxification of blood
nutrient metabolism
nutrient storage
vit & min storage
activation of Vit D
Phagocytosis of worn out RBC and WBC
Definition
liver
Term
processes indigestible materials into feces
Definition
colon
Term
organ that secretes hormones
Definition
stomach (gastrin)
SI (secretin, CCK, GIP)
Pancreas (insulin & glucagon)
Term
main function is mechanical digestion and some chemical
Definition
stomach
Term
receives secretions of liver, gall bladder & pancreas
produces digestive enzymes
secretes hormones
chemical digestion
absorption
Definition
Small Intestine
Term
primary organ of mechanical digestion through mastication
Definition
teeth
Term
secrete saliva for lubrication and chemical digestion of starch
Definition
salivary glands
Term
stores excess bile
Definition
gall bladder
Term
closes the opening between the nasal cavity and the pharynx
Definition
uvula
Term
primary organ of digestion
Definition
small intestine
Term
primary organ of absorption
Definition
small intestine
Term
organs that secrete digestive enzymes
Definition
Stomach (pepsin)
SI (maltse, sucrase, lactase, peptidases)
Pancreas (proteases, amylase, lipases)
Term
ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid are parts of what organ
Definition
Large intestine
Term
primary organ of both digestion and absorption
Definition
Small Intestine
Term
where is CCK (cholecysotokinin) produced and what's it's importance
Definition
small intestine
hormone helps regulate other digestive functions
Term
what organ stores feces
Definition
rectum
Term
what organ(s) store nutrients
Definition
liver
Term
organ that forms feces
Definition
colon
Term
what organ(s) absorb of water
Definition
small intestine
large intestine
Term
what organ begins chemical digestion of proteins
Definition
stomach with pepsinogen
Term
begins mechanical digestion
Definition
teeth
Term
what organ contains bacteria which produce vitamin K
Definition
Large Intestine
Term
Approximately 20ft in length
Definition
small intestine
Term
begins chemical digestion of starch
Definition
saliva
Term
what organ has appendix attached to it
Definition
Cecum (large intestine region)
Term
where is amylase produced and what's it's importance
Definition
saliva
begins chemical digestion of starch
Term
where is sodium bicarbonate produced and what's it's importance
Definition
pancreas
pancreatic juice that aids in digestion
Term
where is bile produced and what's it's importance
Definition
liver
aid in emulsification of fat
Term
if liver fails to convert bilirubin into bile what happens
Definition
jaundice
Term
aids in digestion through enzymes
produces insulin and glucagon
Definition
pancreas
Term
hormone that helps regulate other digestive functions
Definition
CCK
CIP
secretin
Term
where is gastrin produced and what's it's importance
Definition
stomach
stimulates contraction of stomach, gastric secretions and opening of pyloric valve
Term
prevents gastric contents from ascending esophagus
Definition
cardia valve
Term
where is GIP produced and what's it's importance
Definition
small intestine
helps regulate other digestive functions
Term
where is HC1 (hydrochloric acid) produced and what's it's importance
Definition
stomach
activates chemical digestion of fat
Term
accessory organ directly inferior to diaphragm
Definition
liver
Term
where is lipase produced and what's it's importance
Definition
pancreas
chemically digest lipids
Term
where is maltase produced and what's it's importance
Definition
small intestine
chemically digests disaccharide maltose
Term
where is mucous produced and what's it's importance
Definition
stomach
protects lining of stomach from HC1
Term
where is secretin produced and what's it's importance
Definition
small intestine
regulate other digestive functions
Term
three categories of energey rich nutrients and their absorbable units
Definition
carbohydrates -> monosaccharides
proteins -> amino acids
lipids -> glycerol & fatty acids
Term
accessory organ embedded in liver
Definition
gall bladder
Term
functions in the formation of feces
Definition
large intestine
specifically colon
Term
accessory organ with both endocrine & exocrine functions
Definition
pancreas
Term
approximately 20 feet in length
Definition
small intestine
Term
J- shaped organ
Definition
stomach
Term
aids in chemical digestion of protein in stomach
Definition
pepsin
Term
inferior to diaphragm and posterior to liver
Definition
stomach
Term
where is lactase produced and what's it's importance
Definition
small intestine
chemically digests disaccharide lactose
Term
which organ will prevent the small intestine from digestion & absorbing nutrients
Definition
pancreas
Term
where is pepsinogen produced and what's it's importance
Definition
stomach
aids in chemical digestion of proteins
Term
what are proteins absorbed as
Definition
amino acids
Term
what are carbs absorbed as
Definition
monosaccharides
Term
allows for chemical digestion of starch
Definition
amylase
Term
how many teeth are in the first dentition
Definition
20
Term
produced by liver & aids in digestion of fat
Definition
bile
Term
stimulates gastric contractions & secretions
Definition
gastrin
Term
necessary for absorption of vit B12
Definition
Intrinsic factor
Term
necessary to activate pepsin
Definition
CH1
(hydrochloric acid)
Term
allows for chemical digestion of milk sugar
Definition
lactase
Term
where is sucrase produced and what's it's importance
Definition
small intestine
chemically digests disaccharide sucrose
Term
produced by pancreas & aids in digestion of fat
Definition
lipase
Term
raises the pH of the small intestine
Definition
NaHCO3
(sodium bicarbonate)
Term
where is saliva produced
Definition
parotid gland
sublingual gland
submandibular gland
Term
allows for chemical digestion of table sugar
Definition
sucrase
Term
what are the functions of the large intestine
Definition
processes indigestibles into feces
chem digestion by bacteria
absorption of water, vit k & electrolytes
Term
where is peptidase produced and what's it's importance
Definition
small intestine
chemically digest proteins
Term
primarty organ of digestion
Definition
small intestine
Term
what is the veriform appendix attached to
Definition
the cecum of the large intestine
Term
primary organ of absorption
Definition
small intestine
Term
where is chyme formed
Definition
stomach
Term
what produces bile
Definition
liver
Term
where is bile stored
Definition
gall bladder
Term
when bile is release from storage, where is it secreted
Definition
into small intestine
Term
which organ produces vit K
Definition
large intestine
Term
process where food moves from the mouth to the stomach
Definition
deglutition
Term
where is sodium bicarbonate produced
Definition
pancreas
Term
where is pepsin produced
Definition
stomach
Term
how many teeth are in the second dentition
Definition
32
Term
what are the three pairs of salivary glands
Definition
sublingual
parotid
submandibular
Term
what prevents food from entering the nasal cavity
Definition
uvula
Term
what prevents food from entering the trachea
Definition
epiglottis
Term
muscularis of the STOMACH has how many layers
Definition
3
Term
where is CCK produced
Definition
small intestine
Term
where is the bolus formed
Definition
oral cavity
Term
where is gastrin produced
Definition
stomach
Term
where is sucrase produced
Definition
small intestine
Term
why does diarrhea result
Definition
decrease in water reabsorption from large intestine
Term
folds of tissue within the stomach that allow for expansion
Definition
rugae
Term
what are the functions of saliva
Definition
lubrication
chem digestion of starch
antibodies fight infections
Term
what type of tissue lines the oral cavity
Definition
stratified squamous
Term
what are the functions of the liver
Definition
detox of blood
nutrient metabolism
nutrient storage
vit & min storage
activation of vit D
phagocytosis of worn out RBC & WBC
production of plasma proteins
Term
how does jaundice result
Definition
liver fails to process bilirubin into bile
Term
muscularis of the ALIMENTARY CANAL has how many layers
Definition
2
Term
which organ contains bacteria that aids in production of gas & vit K
Definition
large intestine
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