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Definition
-active -food must enter mouth |
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Definition
-food movement -swallowing (peristalsis) |
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Term
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Definition
-mixing food in the mouth by tongue -churning food in stomach -segmentation in small intestines -prepares food for further degredation by enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| Reactions of chemical digestion a water molecule is added to each bond to be broken |
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Term
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Definition
units: monosaccharides (simple sugars) *glucose (C6H12O6) *fructose (C6H12O6) *galactose (C6H12O6) -glucose = blood sugar -Fructose = most abundant in fruits -galactose = in milk only carbs digestive system digests: 1.sucrose (table sugar) 2.lactose (milk sugar) 3.maltose (malt sugar) ^disaccharides (double sugars) 4.starch -->polysaccharide (many sugars) *indigestible polysaccharides provide fiber in diets |
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Term
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Definition
-digested to building blocks = amino acids (about 20 in body) -polypeptides and peptides = intermediate products of protein digestion |
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Term
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Definition
when digested: building blocks: 1.fatty acids 2.alcohol called glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
transport of degested end products from lumen of GI tract to blood or lymph -foods must first enter mucosal cells -small intestines |
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Definition
| elimination of indigestible substances from body via anus in form of feces |
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Definition
-food 1st broken down physically by chewing -salivary amylase begins chemical digestion of starch = maltose -no food absorbtion occurs in mouth |
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Definition
swallowing -tongue, soft palate, pharynx, esophagus a)buccal phase b)pharyngeal-esophageal phase |
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Term
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Definition
1st phase: occurs in mouth, voluntary |
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Term
| Pharyngeal-esophageal phase |
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Definition
-involuntary -transports food through pharynx & esophagus controlled by: parasympathetic (rest & digest) of autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
amount per day: 2-3 lt. -neural & hormonal factors -pepsinogens (cheif) -HCl (parietal) -serous |
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Term
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Definition
produced by presence of food and falling pH in stomach stimulate stomach cells |
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Definition
-makes stomach contents very acidic -mucus makes sure HCl doesnt digest stomach itself |
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Definition
-caused by increase in HCl -bleeding ulcers -perforated |
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Definition
| -caused by cardioesophageal sphinctor fails to close tightly and gastric juice backs up into esophagus |
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Definition
-structural abnormallity in which superior part of stomach protrudes slightly above diaphragm -acid reflux |
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Definition
-activated by extremely acidic environment -active protien digesting enzyme -need HCl to make environment more acidic |
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Definition
-active protein digesting enzyme #2 -produced by stomach -primarily mlk protein & converts in to substance resembling sour milk -large amounts in infants |
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Definition
virtually no absorbtion in stomach -asprin -alcohol have "special pass" |
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Definition
-"puts brakes on" gastric activity -slows emptying of stomach by inhibiting vagous nerves & tightening pyloric sphinctor |
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