Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Digestive System
FIU Exam 3
127
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
04/11/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Digestive Process
Definition
Ingestion>Propulsion>Mechanical Digestion>Chemical Digestion>Absorption>Excretion

(I Prefer Macaroni Cheese And Eggs!)
Term
Ingestion occurs
Definition
when you put food in oral cavity
Term
Propulsion occurs
Definition
via esophagus
Term
Mechanical Digestion
Definition
chewing and stomach churning (create bolus) / oral cavity
Term
Chemical Digestion
Definition
enzymatic activity
Term
Absorption
Definition
through the walls>blood vessels in GI tract> pick up nutrients
Term
Digestive lining protects against
Definition
corrosive effects of enzymes/acids, abrations, and pathogens
Term
Swallowing
Definition
aka deglutition
Term
Abrasions
Definition
can be caused by improper chewing
Term
Digestive System
Definition
involves mouth AND anus
Term
Alimentary Canal: components necessary for digestion/absorption
Definition
mouth-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small and large intestine-rectum
Term
Accessory Organs of Digestive System
Definition
teeth-tongue-salivary glands-gall bladder- liver- pancreas

GLP!
Term
Greater Omentum similar to
Definition
drapes that cover abdominal cavity; when you open abdomen cavity, you see abdomen viscera
Term
Mesentries are
Definition
fused double sheets of peritoneal membrane; necessary to surround and support organs; connects structures
Term
Mesenteries
Definition
provide route for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Term
Mesenteries reinforce
Definition
organs and prevent entanglement
Term
Greater Omentum confused with
Definition
enlarged gut/stomach and is mostly adipose tissue
Term
Increase in Omentum
Definition
higher risk of heart disease
Term
Retroperitoneal
Definition
space in abdominal cavity located behind peritoneal cavity/peritoneum

retro means behind

includes pancreas, large intestine
Term
Intraperitoneal includes
Definition
space in abdominal cavity that contains abdominal organs like the Stomach
Term
large intestine includes
Definition
ascending and descending colon
Term
Types of Mesocolon
Definition
transverse and sigmoid
Term
Mesenteries:peritoneum through which following organs are attached
Definition
lesser/greater omentum, mesocolon,
Term
Histological Organization from deepest to most superficial
Definition
mucosa (aka lumen), submucosa, muscularis externa (layers of smooth muscle), serosa (aka adventitia)
Term
Mucus secretion lubricates
Definition
what has been eaten
Term
Functions of Submucosa and Mucosa
Definition
absorption and protection
Term
Submucosa
Definition
made up of loose CT; surrounds muscularis mucosae

contains: blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nodules, nerve fibers
Term
Muscularis Externa
Definition
responsible for perilstasis/ segmentation

contains circular (inner) layer and longitudinal (outer) layer; and sphincters
Term
Sphincters
Definition
area in GI tract that has thickening of circular muscles
Term
Myentric Plexus of Auerbach
Definition
aka nerves of ANS
Term
Parietal Peritoneum
Definition
lines peritoneum cavity
Term
Visceral Peritoneum
Definition
lines the organ
Term
Serosa
Definition
protective outermost layer of the intraperitoneal organs (visceral peritoneum)
Term
Serosa composed of
Definition
areolar CT
Term
Adventitia composed of
Definition
fibrous CT
Term
Adventitia replaces
Definition
pharyngeal, esophageal, and rectal serosa
Term
Parietal peritoneum
Definition
lines peritoneal cavity
Term
Visceral peritoneum
Definition
lines the organ
Term
Peristaltic wave
Definition
intermittent, rhythmic contractions of circular and longitudinal muscles

controlled by pacesetter cells
Term
Segmentation
Definition
churn and fragmented digested occurs only with circular contractions
Term
Oral Cavity
Definition
bounded by lips, cheeks, palate and tongue
Term
Vestibule
Definition
space between cheek and gums or lips and teeth

can be used for storing blades/contraband hiding place
Term
Labial Frenulum
Definition
can cause gap; attaches upper lip to two front teeth; anchors lips to gums
Term
Hard palate
Definition
composed of palatine and maxilla
Term
Uvula
Definition
"punching bag" in the bag of the mouth; triggers gag reflex
Term
apthous stomatitis
Definition
canker sores that can impede eating
Term
soft palate
Definition
ends and uvula; part of gag reflex
Term
palatopharyngeal, palatoglossal arches
Definition
component of oral cavity located in the back of the mouth
Term
tongue is
Definition
dorsum with papillae
Term
papillae that makes up tongue
Definition
filiform (most abundant; sheds), fungiform, circumvallate
Term
Transverse palatine folds
Definition
contain rugae
Term
ankyloglossia
Definition
tongue-tied

solution: frenectomy
Term
Ozostomia
Definition
post-nasal drip
Term
Xerostomia
Definition
dry mouth with aerobic bacteria; morning breath
Term
Halitosis
Definition
stench from puke; systemic
Term
frenulum
Definition
small fold of tissue that secures/ restricts motion of mobile organ in the body
Term
Primary (decidious) teeth
Definition
aka baby teeth
Term
Permanent dentitions
Definition
aka adult teeth
Term
Types of teeth
Definition
Incisors, canines, premolar, molars
Term
formula
Definition
(2I, IC, 2PM, 3M) / (2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M) x 2 = 32

(8 above, 8 below=16 x 2)
Term
Teeth made up of...
Definition
enamel (hardest substance in body; erodes if cavity present), dentin (sensitive), pulp cavity, root canal, periodontal ligament, cementum, gingival sulcus
Term
premolars
Definition
bicuspids
Term
molars
Definition
tricuspid
Term
no wisdom teeth means
Definition
more evolved
Term
ectopic tooth
Definition
i.e. supranumemary teeth (extra teeth)
Term
Extrinsic component of saliva
Definition
parotid, submandibular, siblingual
Term
Intrinsic component of saliva
Definition
buccal
Term
Sputum
Definition
saliva + secretion of goblet cells
Term
Pharyngeal Constrictors
Definition
initiates bolus movements into pharynx during swallowing
Term
Process/Phases of Swallowing
Definition
buccal (voluntary) pharyngeal, esophageal
Term
Palatal muscles
Definition
raise soft palate and portions of pharyngeal wall to prevent food from going up nasal cavity/nasopharynx closes up
Term
palato/stylopharyngeus
Definition
elevate larynx
Term
Esophagus
Definition
hollow, muscular tube... 2 cm diameter

C6-T7
Term
Innervation of Esophagus (nerves)
Definition
vagus and esophageal plexus
Term
Angiology of Esophagus
Definition
esophageal, thyrocervical trunk, external carotids, bronchials, celiac trunk and inferior phrenic artery
Term
epithelium & glands found in esophagus
Definition
mucosal stratified squamous epithelium and esophageal glands
Term
Fibers found in Esophagus
Definition
Superior 1/3- skeletal muscle fibers
Middle 1/3- skeletal/ smooth mixture
Bottom 1/2- smooth muscle fibers
Term
Type of reflex in esophagus
Definition
visceral
Term
Serosa
Definition
is NOT found in esophagus
Term
Constrictions in Esophagus
Definition
pharynx, broncho-aortic arc, disaphragm
Term
Stomach
Definition
comes in contact with vertebrates T7-L3
Term
Esophagus ends at
Definition
cardia, stomach continues
Term
Size of stomach
Definition
empty: 50 mL, full 4 L
Term
Cardia
Definition
point of entry into stomach
Term
Fundus
Definition
expansive portion of stomach

contains 2 curvatures: lesser/ greater
Term
Pylorus
Definition
aka sphincter

true sphincter- area of thickened circular muscle
Term
crura
Definition
mimics sphincter
Term
rugae
Definition
gastric folds only appear when stomach is empty

aka mondongo or beef tripe
Term
Angiology of Stomach
Definition
left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic

left gastric- lesser curve & cardia
splenic- fundus & greater curve
common hepatic- lesser/greater curves of pyloris
Term
Innervation of Stomach
Definition
thoracic splanchnic nerves from celiac plexus, and parasympathetic supplied from vagus nerve
Term
Stomach musculature
Definition
smooth muscles: circular, longitudinal, oblique layers
Term
Stomach histology
Definition
gastric pits and glands
Term
Gastric Gland Cell types
Definition
parietal- HCL; instrinsic factor (facilitates absorption of b-12)
chief-pepsinogen, rennin/gastric lipase (newborns) enteroendocrine- gastrin (butterflies)
Term
Body's major digestive organ
Definition
small intestine
Term
Small Intestine
Definition
accounts for 90% of nutrient absorption
Term
Pilicae circulares
Definition
aka circular folds (not ruggae)
Term
Subdivisions of small intestines
Definition
duodenum, jejunum, ileum (plicae)
Term
duodenum
Definition
is retroperitoneal; L1-L4
Term
3 components of duodenum
Definition
hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphicter, major duodenal papilla
Term
Ileum
Definition
is peritoneal and is the terminus of small intestine
Term
Jejunum
Definition
largest portion of small intestine
Term
Intestinal Villi
Definition
contains lacteals, microvilli, and enterocytes
Term
Intestinal crypts of liberkuhn
Definition
secrete intestinal juice
Term
Peyer's patches
Definition
lymphoid follicles found in submucosa
Term
Brunner's glands
Definition
occur in duodenal submucosa
Term
Large intestine
Definition
frames small intestine on 3 other sides and extends from ileocecal valve to anus
Term
Functions of large intestine
Definition
-resorption of water/electrolytes; compaction of feces
-vitamin absorption (bacterial flora aka E.coli in colon)
Term
Components of Large Intestine
Definition
cecum, vermiform appendix
Term
Components of Colon
Definition
hausta, taenia coli, epiploic appendages (fatty tags)
Term
Regions of the Colon
Definition
ascending>hepatic flexure>transverse>splenic flexure>descending>sigmoid flexure>sigmoid colon
Term
Components of Rectum
Definition
anal canal/columns; internal/external anal sphincter (voluntary); anal orifice
Term
Liver
Definition
largest visceral organ
Term
Functions of the liver
Definition
metabolic/hematological regulation; bile production
Term
Components of Liver
Definition
falciform ligament, ligamentum teres, lobes (right, left, caudate, quadrate), porta hepatis
Term
Ligamentum Teres
Definition
remnant of umbilical vein in fetal circulation
Term
Falciform ligament
Definition
anchors liver to abdominal wall
Term
Liver Angiology
Definition
hepatic artery proper, portal vein (carries blood from GI tract to liver to be filtered)
Term
Liver histology
Definition
lobules (central vein), hepatocytes, portal triad, sinusoids (hepatic macrophages...WBC reside in sinusoids)
Term
Components of Portal Triad of liver
Definition
hepatic artery branch, portal vein branch, and bile duct
Term
Gall Bladder
Definition
stores/modifies bile
Term
Regions of Gallbladders
Definition
fundus, body, neck, cystic duct
Term
Glands in Pancreas
Definition
exocrine and endocrine gland
Term
Regions of Pancreas
Definition
head, body, tail, pancreatic/accessory pancreatic duct
Term
Pancreas is
Definition
retroperitoneal
Term
Exocrine product of pancreas
Definition
pancreatic juice= digestive enzymes
Term
Islet of Langerhans
Definition
gives off insulin
Term
pancreatic cells
Definition
alpha-glucagon
beta- insulin
delta-somatostatin
Supporting users have an ad free experience!