Shared Flashcard Set

Details

digestive system
A&P and patho
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
12/04/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What body parts constitute the digestive system?
Definition
oral cavity, oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine(duodeum, ilium, jejunum), colon, rectum, and all of the glands
Term
What is the digestive tube called and what describe its layers
Definition

Alimentary canal-4 layers

inner layer = mucosa: epithelium, lamina propria, muscle layer

submucosa: connective tissue

muscle layer(muscularis): provides peristalis function

outside layer= fibrosa: connective tissue

Term
what epithelium lines the esophagus(lumen) and why
Definition

stratified squamous epithlelium 

provides resisitance to the friction of food passing through during swallowing 

Term
What muscles make up the esophagus if it is viewed as being cut into thirds
Definition

upper 1/3= skeletal muscle 

middle 1/3= skeletal muscle 

bottom 1/3= smooth muscle 

Term
what lines the stomach and why
Definition

simple columnar epithlelium 

scretes muscus constantly to protect the lining of the stomach form stomach acid

Term
What do the glands in the lamina properia of the stomach secrete
Definition

mucus in the upper and lower part 

proteases (pepsin and renin)

hydrochloric acid in the middle region 

Term
describe the small intestine make up
Definition

lined with simple columnar epithelium

cells have microvilli for more surface area for absorption

 

Term
what does peristalis do
Definition

moves toward the colon and back toward the stomach to stir the contents of the intestine ...

esposig all contents to enzymes

Term
what happens in/at the duodeum
Definition
the place where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the small intestine
Term
what are among the major salivary glands and what do they secrete
Definition

partoid gland: only enzymes

sub-mandibular: both enzymes and mucus

sublingual: only mucus 

Term
What enzymes can be found and activatd i nthe duodeum
Definition
eterokinase will active trypsin which will then activate other enzymes
Term
what is one function of the liver
Definition

secrete plasma proteins directly into the blood, use small canala that lie between cells to transport bile out to the triad

glucogenesis-mantain blood sugar

Term
what constitutes the plasma secreted from the liver
Definition

albumin (osmotic pressure)

clotting enzymes

fibrinogen

apoproteins

Term
what is cholecytokinin
Definition

made in lining of duodeum

respoding to chyme and other digestive enzymes

causes release of bile and enzymes

Term
what is/causes constipation
Definition

intestinal contents are absorbed including water when too little nonabosorbable substance are present 

too dehydrated

Term
what is/causes diarrhea
Definition

too much water in feces

resulting from contents moving too rapidly thru intestine

or too much nonabsorbable contents in lumen

Term
large volume vs small volume diarrhea
Definition

small volume: urge to empty bowel often een tho there is little feces present

large volume: the act of real diarrhea

Term

anerexia

anerexia nervosa

bulimia 

Definition

anorexia- loss of apetite

anorexia nervosa- distorted body image

bulimia- fear of calories (normal appetite) may over eat or binge then vomit

Term

dysphagia 

achalasia

Definition

dysphagia- difficulty swallowing 

achalasia- loss of neurological control of swalloing process

Term
basic knowledge of what causes GERD
Definition

after swallowing, bolus must go through an open lower esophogeal sphincter to the stomach. After it passes the sphincter is supposed to close

when it does not close properly, this causes reflux 

Term
what does a hiatal hernia do
Definition
causes incomplete closure of the diaphragm around the lower esophagus, allowing the abdominal part to become herniated into the theracic cavity
Term
different types of ulcers
Definition

skin=pressure sores

in digestive tract=peptic ulcer

duodenal uler are more common then gastric ulcers

true/deep ulcers can be life threatening

superficial ulcers: only affect submucosa

 

Term
Crohns disease
Definition

causes small volume diarrhea

sever intestinal inflammation and pain

autoimmune

Term
Hepatitis effects
Definition

A=not chronic, little permanent liver damage

B=sever liver damage can be fatal

C=chronic infection and sometime cancer

D=only replicated when host cell is infected

Term
what causes billirubin and what does it do
Definition

liver failure causes billirubin

after it builds up it will cause yellowing in eyes and skin 

bile salts

Supporting users have an ad free experience!