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Digestive System
Basic Biological Information
21
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/20/2011

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Cards

Term
Organic Compound
Definition
Compound that always contains carbon in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds
Term
Macromolecule
Definition
Large molecule formed by the combination of small organic molecules
Term
Polymer
Definition
Large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of many idendentical or similar small building block molecules
Term
Monomer
Definition
Small building block molecules
Term
Isomer
Definition
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures
Term
Dehydration Synthesis
Definition
2 smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule, forming a water molecule that is removed in the process
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
Break down of larger molecules into smaller molecules with the addition of water molecules
Term
Covalent Bonding
Definition
Two or more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen 1:2:1
Used for short term energy storage
Examples: glycogine, sucrose, fructose
Term
Monosaccharides
Definition
Monomers of carbohydrates that contain 3-7 carbon atoms
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
Molecule formed by the combination of 2 monosaccharides
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
3 or more monosaccarides are joined together
Term
Lipids
Definition
Caron,hydrogen,oxygen lots of H's to O's
Used for long term energy storage
Building Block: tryglicerides
Examples: fats,oils,steroids,cholesterol
Term
Saturated fats
Definition
Triglyceride that contains only single bonds between fatty acid carbon atoms, all carbon atoms are "saturated"
Term
Unsaturated Fats
Definition
Mono: triglyceride that contains fatty acids w/ 1 double bond between carbon
Poly: has more than one double bond
Term
Proteins
Definition
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,sulfur
Function based on shape
Building block: amino acids
Examples: structural, regulatory, contractile, immunological, transport, catalytic
Term
Enzyme
Definition
Ctalyze different reactions in the body (speed up reactions)
Term
Peptide bond
Definition
Covalent bond joining each pair of amino acids
Term
Metabolism
Definition
All chemical reactions in the body(breakdown and buildup)
Term
Catabolism
Definition
All the decomposition reactions that occur in your body
Term
Anabolism
Definition
All the synthesis reactions in your body
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