Term
| What are the 4 major functions of the digestive system? |
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Definition
Ingestion
Mastication
Digestion/absorption
Elimination (solid wastes) |
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Term
| What are the components of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)? (i.e. vs accessory organs) |
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Definition
| Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine |
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Term
| What are the accessory organs of the digestive system? |
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Definition
| Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gall bladder |
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Term
| True or false: Digestion occurs outside the body |
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Definition
| True! The anus is located outside the body |
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Term
| The _____ is the area b/w lips and pharynx. (other names?) |
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Definition
| Mouth, buccal cavity, oral cavity |
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Term
| What are the functions of the mouth? |
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Definition
- holding/grinding/mixing of foods
- grasping
- offensive and defensive weapon using teeth or beak |
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Term
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Definition
| When food is seized and brought into the mouth |
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Term
| Which species can use their lips for picking up food? What mechanism allows for this? |
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Definition
| Sheep, goats, and horses, b/c they have a cleft upper lip |
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Term
| What do cattle use for prehension? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do birds use for prehension? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are incisors (aka nippers) used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major functions of the teeth? (4) |
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Definition
- cut food to get it into the mouth
- gathering food via capturing and killing prey
- protective function
- mastication ("mechanical reduction") |
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Term
| Why is mastication important? |
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Definition
| It reduces particle size which eases swallowing, and increases SA for chemical digestion |
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Term
| True or false: only some mammals have deciduous teeth or "baby teeth" |
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Definition
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Term
| What mechanism resembles teeth in avian species? |
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Definition
| Pebbles or 'grit' in the gizzard; helps to "chew" food as it's being digested |
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Term
| Which part of the tooth is visible? Which part is hidden? |
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Definition
| The crown is visible, the root is anchored |
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Term
| The neck of the tooth refers to what? |
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Definition
| The line b/w the crown and root |
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Term
| Which 'type' of farm animal has a modified mucus membrane in the form of a dental pad? What does it replace from other mammal farm animal species? |
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Definition
| Ruminants have a dental pad; it replaces upper incisors |
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Term
| What has happened to the canines or "eye teeth" in ruminants? (both upper and lower) |
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Definition
| the lowers have become incisors; uppers have completely disappeared |
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Term
| What are the 'cheek teeth' and what are they used for? |
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Definition
They include premolars and molars, and are used for grinding
N.B. There are deciduous teeth for premolars but not for molars |
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Term
| What are three functions of the tongue? |
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Definition
- prehension in ANY species
- gripping + repositioning food in the mouth
- mix food with saliva for bolus formation (facilitates swallowing) |
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Term
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Definition
| A common passage for air and food; connects oral cavity w/ esophagus and nasal cavity w/ trachea |
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Term
| Use adjectives of position to describe how food and air change 'position' in the esophagus and trachea/larynx, respectively |
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Definition
Food is directed to dorsal esophagus during swallowing
Air is directed to the ventral larynx during respiration. |
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Term
| True or false: The epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing. |
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Definition
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