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Digestive System I
General digestive system and oral cavity.
37
Anatomy
Professional
09/22/2008

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Term
digestive system
Definition
discrete organs that carry out mastication, solubilization, digestion, absorption, and excretion
Term
general plan of gut
Definition
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia or serosa
Term
mucosa
Definition
epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
Term
gut epithelium
Definition
tall columnar cells comprised of stem cells, absorptive cells, and secretory cells
Term
esophageal epithelium
Definition
stratified, squamous, non-keratinized
Term
lamina propria (in mucosa)
Definition
highly cellular, reticular CT
highly vascularized
smooth muscle, T, B, plasma cells (IgA)
Term
muscularis mucosae
Definition
in mucosa
2 layers of SM
found in inner circular and outer longitudinal layer
Term
submucosa
Definition
dense, fibrous CT
elastic and collagen fibers
large vasculature
Meissner plexus
Term
muscularis externa
Definition
inner cicular (tight) and outer longitudinal (loose) helices of SM
skeletal m. in esopho and anal sphincter
Auerbch n. plexus
Term
adventitia or serosa
Definition
layers of loose CT and collagen or elastic fibers
covered with mesothelium
Term
oral and pharyngeal mucosa
Definition
only two true layers: epithelium and lamina propria
Term
oral cavity epithelium
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium, kept moist by sero-mucous glands in LP
-from ectoderm
-thicker than epidermis
-migrating lymphocytes
-renewed every 1-2 weeks
-subject to mechanical abrasion where it keratinizes
-papillae
-taste buds
Term
nasopharynx epithelium
Definition
respiratory epithelium
Term
lingual papillae
Definition
filiform, fungiform, circumvallate
Term
filiform papillae
Definition
make up 2/3 of ant. tongue
conical, pointed structures
sensory nerve endings
Term
fungiform papillae
Definition
anterior tongue (mostly tip)
mushroom shaped
contain taste buds
Term
circumvallate papillae
Definition
largest
9-12 along sulcus terminalis
have crypts
Term
taste buds
Definition
primary organ of taste
made up of supporting and taste cells
continual loss and replacement
glands of von Ebner
located in crypts of CP
Term
taste cells
Definition
hair on apical side of this cell is composed of intertwined long microvilli that function as sensory receptor
Term
von Ebner glands
Definition
located in LP
secretion (lipase) washes out crypts to process new stimuli
Term
lamina propria (LP)
Definition
CT below epithelium
rich in collagen fibers and lymphocytes
contain tubuloalveolar and mixed sero/mucous salivary glands
Term
tongue
Definition
contains interwoven bundles of skeletal muscle
ventral: non-keratinized epithelium
dorsal: keratinized epithelium
Term
major salivary glands:
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
Definition
-provide saliva for lubrication
-secrete amylase, IgA, defensins etc
-compound tubuloalveolar
-divided into lobes and lobules
Term
cells of salivary glands
Definition
serous, mucous, myoepithelial, intercalated ducts, striated ducts, interlobular ducts
Term
serous cells
Definition
in acini or demilunes
secrete: proteins, glycoproteins and amylase
Term
mucous cells
Definition
in tubules
secrete mucous for lubrication
Term
myoepithelial cells
Definition
around intralobular ducts
contract to expel acinar secretions
Term
intercalated ducts
Definition
between acini and striated ducts of parenchyma
conduct saliva, ions
Term
striated ducts (intralobular)
Definition
between intercalated and interlobular ducts of parenchyma
conduct saliva
resorb Na+
secrete K+
Term
interlobular ducts
Definition
surround by CT of septa
conduct saliva
Term
O-MALT (organized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)
Definition
"wet" lymphatic aggregates
-contain mucosal plasma cells that secrete IgA
-no Afferent lymphatics
-M cells
Term
M cells
Definition
in Peyer's patches of Ileum (but also tonsils)
-antigen transcytosis
-pathogenic bacteria/viruses take ADVANTAGE
Term
immunological tolerance
Definition
high doses of antigens in the oral cavity
allow us to eat and not have an inflammatory rxn
Term
tonsils
Definition
large, partially encapsulated, wet lymphoid tissue that encircle entrance to pharynx
-some efferent, but NO AFFERENT lymphatics
Term
palatine tonsils
Definition
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
penetrated by crypts
Term
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid)
Definition
projects from nasopharynx
covered by resp. epithelium
no crypts
Term
lingual tonsils
Definition
base of tongue
stratified squamous non-keratinized epi
short crypt on each aggregate
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