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Digestive Organs
The structures, functions and locations of organs associated with digestion
41
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/20/2014

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Term
Mouth
Definition
first organ of the digestive system; main organ responsible for mechanical breakdown of food
Term
Parotid Glands
Definition
salivary glands; located behind and below the ears
Term
Submandibular Glands
Definition
salivary glands; located beneath the mandible, below the floor of the mouth
Term
Sublingual Glands
Definition
salivary glands; located beneath the tongue
Term
Salivary Glands
Definition
releases amylase (starches into sugars), lingual lipase (fats to triglycerides) and lysozymes (bacteria-killing)
Term
Uvula
Definition
descends from the soft palate; closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing
Term
Pharynx
Definition
muscular cavity connecting the mouth with the esophagus; closes off the trachea during swallowing
Term
Esophagus
Definition
muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach; propels bolus of food to stomach via peristalsis
Term
Esophagus
Definition
consists of 2 sphincters- one consisting of skeletal muscle (UES), one consisting of smooth muscle (LES)
Term
Stomach
Definition
made up of 4 sections and 3 layers; partially responsible for mechanical breakdown and largely responsible for chemical breakdown of food
Term
Rugae
Definition
folds in the interior of the stomach wall that allow for expansion when needed
Term
Cardia
Definition
The section of the stomach where food from the esophagus enters
Term
Fundus
Definition
formed by the upper curvature of the stomach
Term
Body
Definition
the main, central region of the stomach
Term
Pylorus
Definition
lower section of the stomach that facilitates emptying of contents into small intestine
Term
Longitudinal Layer
Definition
outermost layer of the stomach
Term
Circular Layer
Definition
middle layer of the stomach; wraps around the body of the stomach and extends downward to form the pyloric sphincter
Term
Oblique Layer
Definition
innermost layer of the stomach; most prominent in the fundus
Term
Greater Omentum
Definition
hangs off the greater curvature of the stomach; large fold in the serosa of the stomach
Term
Lesser Omentum
Definition
hangs off the lesser curvature of the stomach
Term
Pyloric Sphincter
Definition
connects the stomach to the small intestine; slowly releases chyme into the duodenum (1 tsp every 20 seconds)
Term
Small Intestine
Definition
consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum; major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients; 10 ft long, 1-2 in diameter
Term
Duodenum
Definition
first portion of the small intestine; 10 in long; contains the hepatopancreatic ampulla and accessory duct
Term
Jejunum
Definition
central portion of the small intestine; 3 ft long
Term
Ileum
Definition
last portion of the small intestine; connects the small and large intestines via the ileocecal sphincter; 6 ft long
Term
Large Intestine
Definition
consists of the cecum, colon, rectum and anus; has a flourishing population of bacteria; 5 ft long 3 in diameter
Term
Cecum
Definition
cul-de-sac; appendix attached to this
Term
Ascending Colon
Definition
first part of the colon; between the cecum and transverse colon
Term
Transverse Colon
Definition
second part of the colon; between the ascending and descending colon
Term
Descending Colon
Definition
third part of the colon; between the transverse and sigmoid portions of the colon
Term
Sigmoid Colon
Definition
last part of the colon; between the descending colon and rectum
Term
Hepatic Flexure
Definition
first bend of the colon; between the ascending and transverse colon
Term
Splenic Flexure
Definition
second bend of the colon; between the transverse and descending colon
Term
Rectum
Definition
stores feces before defacation; 5-6 in long
Term
Anal Canal
Definition
AKA anus; final one inch compartment of the large intestine; feces exits the body through here
Term
Appendix
Definition
AKA vermiform appendix; vestigial structure that juts out of the cecum
Term
Liver
Definition
made up of the larger right and smaller left lobes; divided by the falciform ligament
Term
Liver
Definition
produces bile, stores fats, detoxifies, regulates blood glucose levels
Term
Gallbladder
Definition
small pouch located inferior to the liver; stores bile
Term
Pancreas
Definition
oblong organ lying along the greater curvature of the stomach; connected to the duodenum by the hepatopancreatic duct
Term
Pancreas
Definition
99% of its function is exocrine (acini cells secrete pancreatic juice for digestion)
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