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Digestive Critical Thinking
critical thinking
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/27/2012

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Cards

Term
T or F: is the gallbladder part of the alimentary canal
Definition
False
Term
T or F: the parietal cavity is located btwn the parietal peritoneum & mescentary
Definition
False; visceral & parietal
Term
T or F: The longest segement of the sm, intestine is the duodenum
Definition
False; ileum
Term
T or F: The gallbladder stores & produces bile
Definition
False; stores only
Term
T or F: the small intestine features 3 sets of progressivly smaller folds that increase surface area for absorption
Definition
True
Term
the stomach has 3 layers of smooth muscle that contract to churn food into chyme.
Definition
True
Term
The liver concists of plates of hexagonal liver lobules
Definition
True
Term
The EXocrine cells of the pancreas are called______ and secrete_________
Definition
acinar cells, digestive enzymes
Term
the ENocrine cells of the pancreas are called ___________ and secrete _______
Definition
pancreatic islets of Langerhans,hormones
Term
enzymes that digest lipids into free fatty acids into free fatty acids and monoglycerides
Definition
pancreatic lipase
Term
emulsifies fats
Definition
bile salts
Term
micelles
Definition
clusters of bile salts & digested lipids
Term
lacteal
Definition
the structure into which lipids are absorbed
Term
brush border enzymes
Definition
digestive enzymes associated with the enterocytes of sm. intestine
Term
hydrochloric acid
Definition
required to activate pepsinogen
Term
trypsin
Definition
protein digesting enzyme produced by pancreas
Term
chylomicrons
Definition
Term
pepsin
Definition
protein digesting enzymes produced by the stomach
Term
salivary amylase
Definition
begins carbohydrate digestion in mouth
Term
Why is the digestion & absorption of lipids more complex than the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and proteins?
Definition
Lipids are NON -polar

Digestion involves:
lingunal & pancreatic lipases that are POLAR
= they only attack the surface

lipids are further broken down to
micelles (when combined with bile salts)

chylomicrons (when micelles enter cytoplasm & are coated with proteins,phospholipids,fat soluble vitamins)
Term
how does the absorption of lipids differ from the absorption carbohydrates and proteins?
Definition
chylomicrons are secreted into the interstitial fluid by intestinal cells BUT are too BIG to go into capallaries and must go into LACTEALS
Term
Peritonitis is an infection of the fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Why do you think this condition have wide ranging effects on the abdominal organs?
Definition
Condition is difficult to treat because the peritoneal cavity doesn't have a direct blood supply.

This condition would have wide ranging effects b/c the ab. cavity has a vast amount of organs each with specific ad interconnected fcns.
Term
One of the common consequences of gallstones is blockage of the common bile duct, which prevents bile from being emptied into the duodenum. Predict the possible consequences of this condition.
Definition
Bile salts cant breakdown fats (emulsifying lipids into tiny droplets)to allow for breakdown by lipases

= undigested fats appear in feces
feces is also unpigemented
Term
explain how the forms of the sm. intestine, stomach and espohagus follow their fcns.
Definition
stomach: 3 layers of smooth muscles (mechinal breakdown of food to chyme)

rugae: allow stomach lumen to expand

Sm intestine: plicae circulares(series of folds)& vili
= maximum absorption & increased surface area

esophagus: stratfied squamous epithelium (to protect against abrasion)

mucosa large folds: allow for expansion when swallowing

smooth muscle progreesively increases as it goes toward stomach
Term
4 fcns of stomach
Definition
storage of ingested food

mechinal breakdown of food to chyme

break food chemical bonds

produce intrinsic factor
Term
instrinic facotor def
Definition
glycoprotein need for absorption of vit b 12
Term
cardioesophageal sphincter
Definition
aka lower esophageal sphincter

prevents contents of stomach from regugitating into esophagus.
Term
heartburn is the result of
Definition
cardioesophageal sphincter malfcn
Term
filiform papillae fcn
Definition
provide a rough surface on tongue that help physically break down food
Term
In the condition known as heartburn, why does the acid burn the esophagus and not burn the stomach?
Definition
stomach is lined with mucous that protect its walls

esophagus does not mucous

NOTE it does have a mucosA layer that doesnt mean mucous (gushy stuff)
Term
Many dietary supplements contain digestive enzymes aimed to 'improve your digestion'. What will happen when these enter the stomach?
What will happen in sm. intestine?
Definition
Pepsin in the stomach would destroy supplements before even reaching sm intestine
Term
explain why detergents are able to remove both water based and oil based stains?
Definition
Detergents contain a hydrophilic (polar) head
=destroy water based stains

detergents also contain a hydrophobic(non polar) tail =
oil based stains.
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