Term
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Definition
| a measure of radiation exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation/ quantity of x-rays which when absorbed will cause the destruction of the cells in question |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 gray (most current unit of measure) |
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Term
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Definition
| rem = rads x quality factor |
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Term
| Which cells are the most susceptible to the effects of radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| maximum permissible dose; max dose of radiation that does not involve a risk so great that it significantly influences the individual or future generation |
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Term
| What is the MPD per week/1 year? |
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Definition
< 0.1 rem weekly
< 5 rem yearly (also 0.05 Sv/year) |
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Term
| What is the formula for an individual's maximum accumulated dose? |
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Definition
| 1(N-18), where N = age in year |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to the body induced by radiation that manifest itself within the lifetime of the recipient |
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Term
| Give examples of somatic damage |
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Definition
| cataracts, cancer, aplastic anemia, sterility |
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Term
| Is it more harmful for an individual to receive 1 large dose of radiation or smaller doses through out their lifetime? |
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Definition
| single exposures of >300 rad has been shown to be lethal in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| result of radiation damage to the genes of reproductive cells |
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Term
| Does genetic damage manifest itself immediately? |
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Definition
| No, it may stay latent/recessive until the 2nd or 3rd generation |
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Term
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Definition
| various methods used to measure radiation exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| personal exposure monitoring device |
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Term
| How often should dosimeter badges be submitted for evaluation? |
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Definition
| The preferred practice is every month; some clinics submit quarterly. |
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Term
| List 3 examples that results in personal exposure to radiation |
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Definition
exposure to the primary beam
exposure from secondary/scatter radiation
exposure from leakage radiation from the
x-ray tube housing |
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Term
| List 3 ways to protect yourself from radiation |
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Definition
PPE
Time of exposure
Distance from the primary beam |
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Term
| Energy travels in what form? |
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Definition
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Term
| X-rays with shorter wavelengths have a _______ and ________ vs those with long wavelengths. |
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Definition
| higher frequency and penetrating power |
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Term
| X-radiation is a form of _______ radiation. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a visible, photogenic record on film produced by x-rays passing through an object |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to visible light but consisting of SHORTER WAVELENGTHS |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple x-rays traveling together at a rapid speed (aka primary beam) |
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Term
| electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| method of transporting energy through space; distinguished by it's wavelength, frequency, and energy |
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Term
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Definition
| the distance between two consecutive corresponding points on a wave |
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Term
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Definition
| the most basic unit of matter consisting of a nucleus and a surrounding cloud of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| a positively charged particle in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| a neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| negatively charged particle that orbits around the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| an electron's orbital path and energy level |
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Term
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Definition
| bundles of energy that travel together in waves |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of cycles of waves that pass through a stationary point in a second |
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Term
| What is the negatively charged part of the atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are bundles of energy that travel together called? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which direction does electromagnetic radiation travel? |
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Definition
| It travels in a straight line, but may be redirected when it comes into contact with an object (scatter radiation) |
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Term
| What particle(s) are located in the nucleus of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| When x-rays are produced, how much of the energy is converted into heat? into x-rays? |
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Definition
| 99% is converted into heat, while only 1% is converted into x-rays |
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Term
| T/F: the radiograph is part of the medical record. |
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Definition
| T, which also means that the hospital owns the films. |
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Term
| List information that should be included on the permanent label of a radiograph. |
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Definition
| P name and/or account number, species, date, and name of hospital |
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Term
| List 4 ways to label a radiograph |
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Definition
lead numbers and letters
graphite impregnated tape
light flasher system
camera |
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Term
| How should a radiograph be filed? |
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Definition
| according to the hospital's filing system |
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Term
| What information should be on the envelope that contains the radiograph? |
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Definition
| O's address, animal identification, date, and type of exam |
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Term
| How can extremeties/positions be marked on radiographs? |
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Definition
| leaded markers can be used to differentiate L/R, and also V/D, A/P, LAT, etc |
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Term
| When are timing markers used? |
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Definition
| in contrast studies to indicate when the film was obtained in relation to when the contrast medium was administered |
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Term
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Definition
| a positively charged electrode that acts as a target for the electrons from the cathode |
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Term
| Electrons interacting with the anode produce __________ & _________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a negatively charge electrode that provides a source of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| a restricting device used to control the size of the primary beam (therefore reducing scatter radiation) |
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Term
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Definition
| the control panel of the x-ray machine |
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Term
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Definition
| the area of the focal spot that is visible through the x-ray tube window and directed toward the x-ray film |
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Term
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Definition
| part of a low-energy circuit in the cathode, that, when heated, releases electrons from their orbits (shells) |
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Term
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Definition
| the small area of the target with which electrons collide on the anode (thus producing the x-rays) |
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Term
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Definition
| a recessed area where the filament lies, directing the electrons toward the anode |
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Term
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Definition
| a glass vacuum that contains the anode and cathode of the x-ray tube |
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Term
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Definition
| a target that turns on an axis to increase x-ray production while dissipating heat |
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Term
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Definition
| a non-moving target, usually found in dental and small portable radiography units |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a commonly used metal in the filament of the cathode |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism consisting of an anode & cathode in a vacuum that produces a controlled x-ray beam (if not sealed properly, radiation leakage could occur) |
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Term
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Definition
| a small x-ray unit that is easily moved |
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Term
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Definition
| medium powered, wheel mounted units, that in many hospitals are used as fixed units |
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Term
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Definition
| large, high powered units that are found in most vet hospitals |
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Term
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Definition
| presentation of a continuous image |
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Term
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Definition
| suited to the study of moving structures and dynamic processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually confined to g.i. studies/myelography |
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Term
| What is the main difference between DR & CR? |
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Definition
| DR requires no cassette, where as CR requires a cassette to be processed in a special machine |
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