Shared Flashcard Set

Details

DI Abdominal
Liver and Spleen
51
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
02/17/2018

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Cards

Term
Do kidneys superimpose more in dogs or cats?
Definition
cats
Term
What influences serosal detail?
Definition
it is the opacity between organs. Influenced by intra abdominal fat (falciform fat, retroperitoneal, mesenteric, omental) and contents of abdominal organs; ie gas
Term
Do younger or old animals have better seroal detail? Why?
Definition
Older animals have better detail b/c they have more white fat. Brown fat has a high fluid content and hinders detail
Term
[image] where is each arrow pointing?
Definition
dark red- gastric fundus
light green- RT kidney
blue - left kidney
yellow- colon
orange- SI
grey- spleen
black- liver
light red- pylorus
Term
[image] Where are the arrows pointing?
Definition
yellow- mesentric fat
purple- retroperitoneal fat
light blue- fat in falciform ligament
Term
[image] Describe the finidng
Definition
Normal abdominal rad of a fat cat, arrows pointing to large fat deposits
Term
[image] Describe the finidngs
Definition
Normal lateral abdominal rad of 8 week old puppy. Less detail is present b/c higher amount of brown fat
Term
[image] Is this a normal or abnormal rad?
Definition
NORMAL. This is a thin dog (greyhound or whippet) lack intra abdominal fat
Term
[image]
Definition
1. craniodorsal
2. cranioventral
3. mid abdomen
4. caudodorsal
5.caudoventral
Term
[image] regional descriptors
Definition
A- left cranial
B- right cranial
C- middle
D- dorsal
Term
[image] Describe the location of the mass
Definition
right cranioventral
Term
Radiographic signs of peritoneal fluid (3)
Definition
1. poor abdominal contrast; homogenous soft tx/fluid opacity
2. border effacement of liver, bladder
3. retroperitoneal space is normal- kidneys visible
Term
Conditions that may cause peritoneal fluid
Definition
1. neoplasia (melanoma, carcinomatosis, peritoneal seeding-splenic neoplasia)
2. pancreatitis
3. free urine or bile
4. intestinal perforation
Term
Ground glass appearance is characteristic of ...
Definition
peritonitis
Term
What does a "swirling snow storm" effect on a live US indicate (in terms of peritoneal fluid)?
Definition
chronic; cells and protein create the white snow effect
Term
What do seaweed fonds" on a live US indicate (in terms of peritoneal fluid)?
Definition
fibrin tags
Term
[image] dog comes in HBC whats going on?
Definition
Fracture of L6
free intra abdominal fluid
intestines distributed throughout the abdomen
could be ruptured bladder or heamorraghe
Term
How do you tell the difference between transudate and exudate on US (in terms of peritoneal fluid)
Definition
transudate should be more acellular and appear anechoic
exudate has increased protein content and cells so it is echogenic
Term
What is the diagnostic of choice to differentiate between a hemorrhage or free urine when rads indicate peritoneal fluid?
Definition
Positive contrast radiography!! DO NOT JUST TAP THESE. you may hit an enlarged spleen and mistakenly diagnosis hemorrhage. Can use US guided aspiration if you do this.
Term
Three causes of uroperitoneum?
Definition
rupture of bladder, rupture of ureters within the peritoneal cavity, rupture of the urethra
Term
[image] What rad feature is demonstrated by these arrows?
Definition
Ground Glass appearance, typically of peritonitis. this case wsa pancreantitis
Term
[image] Diagnosis?
Definition
Bladder rupture (positive contrast study) contrast has leaked into the abdominal cavity . When preforming these take the catheter to the ischium not the abdomen, this will help you catch intra pelvic urethras.
Term
4 causes of peritoneal hemorrhage
Definition
ruptured spleen, ruptured liver, avulsed blood vessel, erosion of a vital structure by a neoplasma
Term
[image]
Definition
Lack of serosal detail due to peritoneal hemorrhage
Term
[image]
Definition
Peritoneal hemorrhage. Blue- fibrin clot. Yellow is fluid
Term
[image]
Definition
Retroperitoneal Mass with soft tx opacity. lack of renal definition. arrows indicate ventral displacement of the colon
Term
[image] Which is a dog liver, which is a cat?
Definition
Left is dog, right cat. Arrows show normal gastric axis, use gastric axis to determine liver position.These are normal rads. Only caudal ventral liver margin is visible. NOTE gastric axis varies in dog breeds.
Term
Describe liver US protocol
Definition
probe at xiphisternum
angle cranio dorsally
fan from left to right to image entire liver. if liver is SMALL, need to scan intercostally
Term
T/F on US of dog gallbladder, you can see the bile duct and common bile ducts
Definition
FALSE. GB is anechoic, rounded or pear shape. ducts cannot be seen. [image]
Term
[image] label the sagittal sonogram
Definition
star- liver
red- spleen
light bulb- gallbladder
yellow - diaphragm
Term
[image]
Definition
hepatomegaly, line indicates displacement of gastric axis
Term
[image]
Definition
hepatomegaly, line indicates displacement of gastric axis
Term
What do you have to remember to check on possible hepatomegaly rads?
Definition
check if inspiratory or expiratory
inspiratory diaphragm pushes liver caudally
Term
[image]
Definition
mild hepatomegaly, this is inspiratory rad so liver looks more displaced caudally. Gastric axis is normal here. this might just be a fatty dog, check US before panicking
Term
[image]
Definition
rounded liver edge indicated hepatomegaly. here is normal for comparison [image]
Term
What is the best way to determine liver size?
Definition
Rads. US is very difficult to determine
Term
[image] Rule Outs for a diffusely hypOechoic liver? (3)
Definition
Lymphoma, congestion, acute hepatitis
Term
[image] Rule outs for diffusely hypERechoic liver? (6)
Definition
hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroid, non-specific hepatopathies, fatty infiltration, cirrhosis, lymphoma (rare)
Term
[image] rule outs for multiple nodules;
Definition
hyperplasia, metaplasia, haematomas (can be from rat poisoning or truama) primary liver neoplasia, cirrhousis

FNA is required, can sedate animal to prevent damage and rupture into abdomen
Term
[image]
Definition
Liver target lesion, most likely secondary metastatic lesion
Term
[image]
Definition
Small nodule liver from cirrhosis
Term
[image]
Definition
Microhepatica (PSS)
-liver is within the costal arch
-stomach axis is displaced cranially (arrow)
Term
[image]
Definition
positive contrast injected into mesenteric vein; by passed the liver and passes through patent ductous venous to the CVC.
This is an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Term
[image]
Definition
d- bile duct
l- liver
g- gallbladder

the marked distension of the bile ductis due to pancreantitis or neoplasia (bile duct carcinoma) or infection
Term
[image]
Definition
Choleith in GB, with acoustic shadowing
Term
What is a normal dog breed variation of the spleen?
Definition
GSD spleen can go as far as the bladder and still be normal
Term
Physiological cause of splenomegaly
Definition
sedation, GA
Term
[image]
Definition
Splenomegaly. Splenic tail is large , extends along the florr of the abdomen. Lost triangle shape but still sharply defined. Would also look like this if patient was sedated up
Term
[image]
Definition
Normal spleen. arrow points to tail
Term
where is the head of the spleen located on a VD?
Definition
lateral to fundus of the stomach [image]
Term
Describe splenic echotexture
Definition
hyperechoic, densely pakced, granular
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