Term
| 5 clinical applications of surface anatomy |
|
Definition
1. Extra/Intraoral exams - helps identify
2. Abnormal/Normal - so we can tell the difference
3. Documentation Purposes
4. Radiography - landmarks
5. Anesthesia - locations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Nasal, Temporal, Orbital, Infraorbital, Zygomatic, Buccal, Oral, Mental |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Median or Midsagittal Plane
Sagittal Plane
Frontal Plane |
|
|
Term
| The area between the eyebrows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The prominence of the forehead |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the anatomical position? |
|
Definition
| Position in which the body is erect, with arms at the sides, palms and toes directed forward, and eyes looking forward. |
|
|
Term
| the tube that the sound waves are transmitted to the inner ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the superior and inferior free margins of the auricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior end of helix, level with apex of nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flap of tissue which is part of the auricle, anterior to the external acoustic meatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flap of tissue opposite the tragus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deep notch between the tragus and the antitragus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 8 structures of the orbital region |
|
Definition
| sclera, iris, pupil, eyelids, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, lateral/outer canthus, medial canthus |
|
|
Term
| Located between the eyes inferior to glabella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| winglike cartilaginous structure that bond the nostrils laterally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiographs, extra oral exams, anesthesia delivery |
|
|
Term
| Inferior and anterior to the ear, where the upper skull forms a joint with the lower jaw |
|
Definition
| Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) |
|
|
Term
| The prominence of the chin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The area between the lower lip and chin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 structures of the oral region |
|
Definition
| lips, oral cavity, palate, tongue, floor of mouth, a portion of the throat |
|
|
Term
| Outlined transition zone of the lips |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a vertical groove extending down from the nasal septum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where the philtrum terminates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where the upper and lower lip meet at each corner |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the groove which runs from the labial commissure to the ala of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mucous membrane lining the oral cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Buccal mucosa covers a dense pad of inner tissue, called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small elevation of tissue just opposite the maxillary molars, on the buccal mucosa. What gland does it contain? |
|
Definition
| Parotid papilla. This contains the duct opening from the Parotid salivary gland |
|
|
Term
| elevation on the most posterior aspects of the maxilla |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the space between the cheeks, lips, and gums, on the maxillary and mandibular arch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the border at which the buccal mucosa meets at the alveolar mucosa. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a fold of tissue located at the maxillary midline. It attaches the labial mucosa to the alveolar mucosa. |
|
Definition
| Labial frenum or Frenulum |
|
|
Term
| The tissue that tightly adheres to the roots of the teeth is the |
|
Definition
| attached tissue or attached gingiva |
|
|
Term
| The line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached tissue and the redder, movable alveolar mucosa is a scalloped border called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each tooth has a gingival margin which is unattached, this is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inner surface of the marginal gingiva faces a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gingiva between the teeth is an extension of attached gingiva and is called the |
|
Definition
| interdental gingiva or interdental papilla |
|
|
Term
| How much of the palate does the hard and soft palate compromise? |
|
Definition
2/3 hard palate
1/3 soft palate |
|
|
Term
| covers part of the boney skeleton of the hard palate, while the soft palate is covered with mucous membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ________ blends into the alveolar and gingival tissue on the lingual surface of the maxillary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior laterally, the palate blends into the |
|
Definition
| Anterior and Posterior Pillars of the Fauces, palatoglossal fold [more anterior], palatopharyngeal fold [more posterior] |
|
|
Term
| located at the midline, where the free posterior border of the soft palate terminates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| covers the developmental fusion. It is a midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| found right behind the maxillary central incisors. It is a small oval shaped bulge of tissue that covers the nasopalatine foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posteriorly to the incisive papilla is a series of transverse folds that seem to radiate from the incisive papilla, these folds are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| found near the midline and just posterior to the hard palate, it appears as a small pit or depression. It receives the ducts from some of the palatine glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fold extends from the junction of the hard and soft palate down to the mandible, just behind the most distal molar. This fold separates the cheek from the throat. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dense pad of tissue distal to the last molar on the mandibular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a demarcation of mucosa on the buccal surface in close proximity to the occlusal surface. [line along side of inner cheek, people bite it] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 anamolies of the tongue |
|
Definition
| Microglossia-small tongue, Macroglossia-large tongue, fissured tongue, Median Rhomboid glossitis and Crenated tongue. |
|
|
Term
| The top or dorsal portion of the tongue has a midline depression called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lateral surface of the tongue has vertical ridges of lingual papillae, these are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lingual papillae are more prominent in ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Further back on the tongue is the ‘V’ shaped groove called the _____ This separates the base and the body of the tongue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The thinner, finer papillae are called the ___________ lingual papilla, these give the tongue its velvety texture. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The larger red shaped dots are the ___________ lingual papilla. They possess taste buds. |
|
Definition
| fungiform lingual papillae |
|
|
Term
| a pit like depression is at the V point of the sulcus terminalis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many circumvallate lingual papilla are located on the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lingual papilla are on the anterior side of the sulcus terminalis on the body and contain taste buds and receive the ducts of the serous glands of V on Ebner |
|
Definition
| Circumvallate lingual papilla |
|
|
Term
| attaches the anterior 2/3 of tongue to the floor of the mouth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| located on either side of the frenulum, extending almost to the tip. Surface bulges may be seen overlying these minor salivary glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extreme changes to the tongue occur in what age group(s)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral to the vein is a fringed fold of mucous membrane, which exhibits a tissue tag from its free edge. What opens through these fringes? |
|
Definition
| Plica Fimbriata; Ducts of Blandin Nuhn |
|
|
Term
| ___________ is just above the floor of the mouth, lateral to lingual frenum, overlying the bulging sublingual glands. Contains small openings along surface-small sublingual ducts called what? |
|
Definition
| Plica Sublingualis; Ducts of Rivinus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Empties at the sublingual caruncles. This appears as an enlarged papilla adjacent to the lingual frenulum. |
|
Definition
| Wharton'sduct (submandibular duct) |
|
|
Term
| fold of tissue between ventral of tongue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a group of minor salivary glands may also be found on the floor of the mouth, on either side of the frenulum, posterior to mandibular incisors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is a muscular lined tube-it serves to conduct air to the larynx from the nasal and oral cavities and food to the esophagus from the mouth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pharynx extends from the base of the cranium to the___________________ where it becomes continuous with what? |
|
Definition
| sixth cervical vertebra; esophagus |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 regions of the pharynx? |
|
Definition
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the pharynx isn't visible during the intraoral exam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three overlapping muscles of the larynx that insert into the posterior median raphe |
|
Definition
Superior pharyngeal muscle
Middle pharyngeal muscle
Inferior pharyngeal muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where does the nasopharynx begin and end? |
|
Definition
| begins at the superior attachment of the sphenoid and occipital bones and ends at the soft palate |
|
|
Term
| What structures does the oropharynx lie between? What are formed between the anterior and posterior pillars? |
|
Definition
| between the soft palate and the opening of the larynx. Palatine tonsils are located between the pillars. |
|
|
Term
| How are the regions of the neck sectioned off? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle divides each side of the neck diagonally |
|
Definition
| sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) |
|
|
Term
The posterior cervical triangle can be subdivided into:
(2) |
|
Definition
occipital triangle
subclavian triangle |
|
|
Term
| At anterior midline is_____________ also known as the Adam’s apple |
|
Definition
| prominent larynx cartilage |
|
|
Term
| Located at the midline of the neck is a bone called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anterior cervical triangle (of the neck) is further divided into smaller triangles: (4) |
|
Definition
Submandibular triangle
Carotid triangle
Muscular triangle
Submental triangle |
|
|
Term
| The submandibular triangle is part of the anterior or posterior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 bones that compose the boney skeleton of the head and neck |
|
Definition
| The skull, cervical vertebrae and the hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
| The skull is composed of ___ bones, excluding the 3 pairs of ossicles of the inner ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only movable bone is the mandible, which articulates with |
|
Definition
| the paired temporal bones by the temporomandibular joint – TMJ. |
|
|
Term
| The skull can be divided into two portions |
|
Definition
1. The facial bones, which form the face
2.The cranium |
|
|
Term
| The 2 portions of the skull can also be known as the |
|
Definition
| viscerocranium and neurocranium. |
|
|
Term
| The skull also has movable articulation with the |
|
Definition
| vertebral column in the neck |
|
|
Term
| how many bones compose the face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mandible (18)
Maxilla (9)
Palatine bones (24) paired
The nasal (8) paired
Inferior nasal conchae (16a) paired
Vomer (17)
Zygoma (7) paired
Lacrimal bones (14) paired |
|
|
Term
| how many bones comprise the cranium? list them |
|
Definition
Temporal (4) paired
Parietal (2) paired
Frontal (1) single
Sphenoid (6,25) single
Ethmoid (15) single
Occipital (3) single |
|
|
Term
| deepest portion of the orbit (optic canal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bones that form the orbit: (4) |
|
Definition
Frontal bone – roof or superior wall
Ethmoid/lacrimal – medial wall
Zygomatic/sphenoid – lateral wall
Sphenoid/palatine – apex or base |
|
|
Term
| can be seen between the greater wing of the sphenoid and the maxilla. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What passes through the inferior orbital fissure? |
|
Definition
The infraorbital and zygomatic nerves, branches of the maxillary nerve and the infraorbital artery enter the orbit through this fissure.
The inferior opthalmic vein travels through here to join the pterygoid plexusof veins. |
|
|
Term
| between the greater and lessor wings of the sphenoid. This connects the orbit with the cranial cavity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what passes thru the Superior orbital fissure? |
|
Definition
The oculomotor (3rd cranial), trochlear (4th cranial), abducens (6th cranial), and the opthalmic nerve and vein travel through this fissure.
[know at least one, be able to identify which does not run thru this fissure] |
|
|
Term
| located at midpoint, at the joining of the nasal bones and the frontal bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior nasal aperture bounded by the nasal bones and the maxilla laterally and inferiorly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bridge of the nose is formed by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vertical partition which divides the nasal cavity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| found at midline of anterior nasal aperture, fusion of right and left maxillae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Found on lateral walls of the nasal cavity are three projecting structures that extend inward from the maxilla. |
|
Definition
The superior nasal conchae
The middle nasal conchae
The inferior nasal conchae
Between each nasal conchae is the nasal meatus. |
|
|
Term
| form the lateral walls of the skull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the 3 portions of the temporal bone |
|
Definition
1. Squamos: forms zygomatic arch (7) and process (28) and cranial portion of TMH
2. Tympanic
3. Petrous |
|
|
Term
| Which portion of the temporal bone is the zygomatic process in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 6 structures located on the petrous of the temporal bone |
|
Definition
On the inferior aspect – can locate the mastoid process (5) which is composed of air spaces that communicate with the middle ear, it also serves for muscle attachment
Mastoid notch located medial to mastoid
Styloid process (27) serves for muscle attachment.
Stylomastoid foramen (39) carries the facial or 7th cranial nerve
Jugular notch (40)
Internal acoustic meatus (69) carries 8th cranial and 7th cranial nerve |
|
|
Term
| Sphenoid is also called midline bone because it articulates with: (8) |
|
Definition
| frontal,parietal, ethmoid, temporal, zygomatic, maxillary palatine, vomer and occipital bones. |
|
|
Term
| foramens and fissures of the spenoid: (4) |
|
Definition
| superior orbital fissure (67), foramen ovale (34), foramen rotundum (68) and foramen spinosum (35) |
|
|
Term
Body of the sphenoid-middle portion of sphenoid (25)
Contains the paired |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the spenoid has 3 paired processes: |
|
Definition
The lessor wing (60)
The greater wing (61)
*The pterygoid process, which provides attachment for muscles of mastication |
|
|
Term
| *The pterygoid process has three portions |
|
Definition
*The lateral pterygoid plate
*The medial pterygoid plate
*The pterygoid fossa [for attachment] |
|
|
Term
| The is a small process located at the end of the *medial pterygoid plate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *Spine of the sphenoid bone and *infratemporal crest (p.55) |
|
Definition
| Spine=located at posterior edge of each greater wing. Infratemporal crest is the hump edge of the inferior orbital fissure |
|
|
Term
| what does the ethmoid bone articulate with? |
|
Definition
| frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, maxillary bones and joins the vomer |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 unpaired plates of the ethmoid bone? |
|
Definition
The perpendicular plate (aids vomer)
*Cribiform plate (59) – allows passage of olfactory nerves |
|
|
Term
| which sinuses are located between the orbital plate and the conchae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral portions of the ethmoid plate form the ______ and the ______ in the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
| superior nasal conchae and the middle nasal conchae |
|
|
Term
| 7 structures located in/on the ethmoid bone |
|
Definition
| Crista galli, ethmoid sinuses, inferior nasal concha, middle nasal concha, superior nasal choncha, perpendicular plate, cribiform plate |
|
|
Term
| Single bone that forms the forehead and superior portion of the orbit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| frontal bone articulations |
|
Definition
| parietal, sphenoid, lacrimal, nasal, ethmoid, zygomatic and the maxilla |
|
|
Term
| Located just inside the supraorbital ridge (13) on the lateral edge is the _____________ which contains the lacrimal gland. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 structures located in/on the frontal bone |
|
Definition
| inferior and superior temporal lines [muscle attachments], houses the frontal sinuses, supraorbital ridges, supraorbital notch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lacrimal gland-->nasal cavity-->nasolacrimal duct |
|
|
Term
| parietal bone articulations |
|
Definition
| occipital, frontal, temporal, and sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| which lines are on the parietal? |
|
Definition
| superior and inferior lines? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parietal, temporal, and sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| the _____________ is formed by the occipital bone which holds the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral and anterior to the foramen magnum are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The condyles (26) have a movable articulation with the ________________ the 1st cervical vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The basilar portion [of the occipital?] is located anterior to the foramen magnum, anterior to this is the |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal tubercle.....? |
|
|
Term
| Anterior and lateral to the foramen magnum are the ____________ canals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this nerve passes thru the hypoglossal canal |
|
Definition
| 12th cranial [hypoglossal nerve] |
|
|
Term
| Jugular notch and portion of the temporal bone form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the temporalis muscle attach?* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name 4 structures of the lateral view of the temporal bone |
|
Definition
temporal fossa
infratemporal fossa (below 6)
Superior temporal line
Inferior temporal line |
|
|
Term
| single bone at midsagittal plane, inside the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which bone does not have any muscle attachments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the lacrimal bones; _____ _____ _______ is formed by the junction of the lacrimal and the maxillary bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infraorbital foramen incisive foramen posterior superior alveolar foramen [PSA]* Greater palatine foramen Lessor palatine foramen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 processes of the maxilla |
|
Definition
zygomatic process of maxilla
frontal process of maxilla
alveolar process of maxilla |
|
|
Term
| 2 important structures around the canine |
|
Definition
| canine eminence, canine fossa |
|
|
Term
| space most posterior behind last max molar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where the mandible fuses together (vertical) on mental protuberance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mental foramen, mandibular foramen, mandibular canal (can't see it on skull) |
|
|
Term
| broad flat part on the side of mandible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| houses the roots of the mandibular teeth |
|
Definition
| alveolar process of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| most anterior process of the mandible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the external oblique line? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| between the coronoid process and the articular process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 items you find on the mandible? |
|
Definition
mental protuberance
mental symphysis
mental foramen
body of mandible
ramus
coronoid process
external oblique line
angle of mandible |
|
|
Term
| where the screw is on the skull (mandible) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the mylohyoid line? whats the external equivalent to it? |
|
Definition
| inside the mandible; external oblique line. |
|
|
Term
| whats the difference between the mylohyoid line and the mylohyoid groove? |
|
Definition
| the groove is above, the line is below |
|
|
Term
| fossa that the tongue rests in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| below sublingual fossa on interior surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ledge that covers the mandibular foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maxillary, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid |
|
|
Term
| what is significant about the maxillary sinus? |
|
Definition
| largest; sits on the ceiling of the apecies of maxillary teeth. The floor of the sinuses are on top of the maxillary molars and bicuspids. Pressure is applied to the apecies when sinus swells. =tooth ache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| below 6 on skull, inferior to the temporal fossa |
|
|
Term
| *Posterior alveolar foramen |
|
Definition
| the superolateral portion of the maxillary tuberosity is perforated by one or more posterior superior alveolar foramina where the nerve/vessels go thru. The max tuberosity is a landmark for the administration of the posterior superior alveolar local anesthetic block |
|
|
Term
| 1st cervical vertebae is ____________. It articulates with the ____________. It lacks a body and ___________ |
|
Definition
| atlas; occipital condyles; lacks body & spine |
|
|
Term
| 2nd cervical vertebrae is the ___________ it is characterized by the _________/_________ __________. |
|
Definition
| axis; dens/odontoid process |
|
|
Term
| the hyoid bone forms the base of the ___________ and _________ |
|
Definition
| base of the tongue and larynx |
|
|
Term
| the hyoid sits at the level of the __________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 3 parts of the hyoid bone |
|
Definition
| greater cornu, lesser cornu, and body |
|
|
Term
| name a bone abnormality of the max/mand |
|
Definition
| Tori - enlargement of bone. Causes problems with xrays, dentures. Another term is exostoses |
|
|
