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Development of Great Vessels
n/a
35
Anatomy
Graduate
03/18/2011

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Cards

Term
Aortic Sac
Definition
The most rostral part of the truncus arteriosus
Term
What do paired intersegmental arteries form?
Definition

posterior intercostal a.

lumbar a.

arteries to upper and lower extremties (includes R & L subclavian a. and common iliac a.)

Term
What do unpaired vitelline arteries form?
Definition

esophageal a.

bronchial a.

abdominal arteries - celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric a.

Term
What do paired umbilical a. form?
Definition

proximal part of the internal iliac a.

superior vesical a. (to urinary bladder)

medial umbilical ligaments (from the distal part of the umbilical a. that become fibrotic)

Term

What do paired lateral splanchnic arteries form?

 

Definition

renal a.

suprarenal a.

gonadal a.

Term
Which aortic arches disintegrate and do not form any definitive structures?
Definition

aortic arches 1, 2, and 5

exceptions: aortic arch 1 forms part of the maxillary a.; aortic arch 2 forms part of the stapedial a.

Term
aortic arch 3
Definition

proximal part forms the CCA

ICA = aortic arch 3 + dorsal aorta

Term
What forms the ICA?
Definition
aortic arch 3 and part of the dorsal aorta
Term
What forms ECA?
Definition
it's a de novo structure that grows off the CCA (not attributed to any of the aortic arches)
Term
aortic arch
Definition
Left aortic arch 4, aortic sac, left dorsal aorta
Term
Right subclavian a.
Definition
Right aortic arch 4, right dorsal aorta, right 7th intersegmental a.
Term
Left subclavian a.
Definition
Left 7th intersegmental a.
Term
proximal part of aortic arch 6
Definition
forms left and right pulmonary arteries
Term
distal part of aortic arch 6
Definition

distal part of right aortic arch 6 disintegrates

distal part of left aortic arch 6 forms the ductus arteriosus

Term
Ductus arteriosus
Definition

a bypass of the lungs in the fetus - directly connects left pulmonary artery (contains oxygenated blood in the fetus) and arch of the aorta

After birth, the smooth wall of the ductus arteriosus contracts, cutting off blood flow, and the vessel becomes fibrotic - becoming ligamentus arteriosum

Term
brachiocephalic trunk
Definition
forms from part of the aortic sac
Term
Explain why the left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under the arch of the aorta.
Definition

The recurrent larygneal nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 6 - also innervates muscles of the larynx

The distal part of left aortic arch 6 (which is associated with pharyngeal arch 6) becomes the ductus arteriosus, connecting the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta, so the left recurrent laryngeal nerves must pass under the derivative of the left aortic arch 6 and back up to the laryngeal muscles

Term
Explain why the right recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under the right subclavian a.
Definition
The recurrently laryngeal nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 6 (muscles of the larygnx) and aortic arch 6.  However, the distal part of the right aortic arch degenerates, so it should pass under the next superior aortic arch.  However, the right 5th aortic arch also degenerates.  Thus, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under the derivative of the right 4th aortic arch - the right subclavian a.
Term
coarctation of the aorta
Definition
a narrowing of the aorta - can be either superior or inferior to the ductus arteriosus
Term
postductal coarctation of the aorta
Definition

narrowing of the aorta inferior to the ductus arteriosus

The ductus arteriosus closes normally post-natally, becoming ligamentum arteriosum.  In order for blood to get to all the structures inferior to the aortic arch, there must exist collateral circulations (2).

1. arch of the aorta - L subclavian a. - L internal throacic a. - anterior intercostal a. - posterior intercostal a. - descending aorta (depends on intact anastomoses btwn anterior and posterior intercostal a.; gives rib-notching due to larger intercostal a.)

2. arch of the aorta - L subclavian a. - L internal throacic a. - L superior epigastric a. L inferior epigastric a. - external iliac a.

Term
preductal coarctation
Definition

narrowing of the aorta superior to the ductus arteriosus

-ductus arteriosus remains patent to suplly the rest of the aorta with blood

Term
Patent ductus arteriosus
Definition

Caused by failure of closure of the ductus arteriosus post-natally

Thus, blood is shunted from the arch of the aorta (oxygenated blood) into the lower pressure L pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood)

-common in premature infants or whose mothers have german measles (rubella)

-tx - prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors - promote closure of the ductus arteriosus

Term
abnormal right subclavian a.
Definition

The right subclavian a. comes directly off the aortic arch and passes posterior to the esophagus

-can result in compression of the esophagus and dysphagia

Term
Causes of abnormal right subclavian a.
Definition

1. wrongful disintegration of right aortic arch 4 and the adj part of the dorsal aorta

2. right subclavian a. forms from the right 7th intersegmental a. and persistence of the distal part of the right dorsal aorta

Term
Double aortic arch
Definition

two aortic arches - one that develops from persistence of the right dorsal aorta

-the arches together form a vascular ring around the eosphagus and trachea - can cause dysphagia and difficulty breathing

Term
Right aortic arch (instead of the left aortic arch)
Definition

due to persistence of the right dorsal aorta and degeneration of the distal part of the left dorsal aorta

-can pass either anterior or posterior to the esophagus (if posterior, can compress the esophagus and cause dysphagia)

Term
What are the 3 sets of paired veins that all drain into the sinus venosus?
Definition
vitelline veins, common cardinal veins, and umbilical veins
Term
Why are the veins forced to remodel asymmetrically during development?
Definition
Because venous blood must be shunted over to the right side in order to enter the right atrium
Term
What do the right and left vitelline veins form?
Definition

hepatic sinusoids, ductus venosus (post-natally becomes ligamentum venosum)

-distal part of the left vitelline vein distintegrates

-distal part of the right vitelline vein enlarges and becomes part of the inferior vena cava and hepatic portal system

Term
what does the hepatic portal system consist of?
Definition
hepatic portal vein, superior and inferior mesenteric veins, splenic v.
Term
What do the umbilical veins form?
Definition

The right umbilical vein disintegrates.

The left umbilical vein carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the liver; post-natally, it becomes fibrotic and becomes ligametum teres hepatis

Term
What do the right and left anterior cardinal veins form?
Definition

part of the internal jugular vein, left brachiocephalic vein (the right and left anterior cardinal veins form an oblique anastomosis)

-terminal part of the left anterior cardinal vein disintgrates

-the terminal part of the right anterior cardinal vein becomes part of the right brachiocephalic vein

Term
What do the posterior cardinal veins form?
Definition
They mostly degenerate but form parts of the inferior vena cava and common iliac vein
Term
Double superior vena cava
Definition
terminal part of the left anterior cardinal vein persists
Term
Left superior vena cava
Definition
the terminal part of the left anterior cardinal vein persists but the terminal part of the right anterior cardinal vein wrongfully degenerates so the superior vena cava comes from the left side into the right atrium
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