SKIN BIOPSY:

histopath demonstration of:

autoantibodies

immune complexes

mediators of injury

Whic HPS invovles:

IgE Abs

mast cells

"wheal" & flare"

anaphylaxis

Which HPS inovles:

Ag cell surface or extracelllar, *attached to cells in tissue or in circulation

IgM, IgG Abs = *tissue injury

recruitment & activation of leukocytes

*symptoms dictated by site of Ab deposition

Which HPS is associated:

Ag + Bound Abs

_____ HPS is caused by of Ag:Ab complexes in circulation and cause dz by:

excessive production

inefficient clearance

tissue deposition

This HPS is defined by:

CD4+ cells:

*inflammation:

*products of activated macrophages,

*proinflammatory cytokines

Whic HPS invovles:

formed in circulation

deposited in tissues

complement activation

symptoms determined by *site depositied (blood vessels, kidney (glomerulus), joints (synovium))

*systemic dzs

Whic HPS invovles:

systemic dz

Whic HPS invovles:

Tissue injury

poison ivy

Dermatophytosis

CD4+ cells are associated with ____ HPS & subsequent ___

CD8+ cells result in cyto-____

Delayed type HPS & subsequent inflammation

cytolysis

Ab-mediated (Type II)

tissue injury

Superifical-subcorneal: Pemphigus foliaceus, pehmphigus erythrmeatosus

Deep-suprabasilar: Pemphigus vulgaris, paraneoplastic pemphigus

What type of immunity must display:

Non-reactive to self?

Dzs of the immune system occur when

normal responses are _____ induced & when

normal responses are ______

abnormally

uncontrolled

infections

hormones

acantholysis

In Pemphigus Foliaceus, ___ is targeted in the skin.

___ & __ are the two most common predisposed breeds.

Desmoglein-1

Akitas, Chows

Primary lesions of Pemphigus Foliaceus include _____

While secondary lesions involve ___

PF distribution involves the nasal ___, ear ___, & foot___

may also be generalized: however ________ are not effected

planum (crusts, erosions), pinnae, pads (hyperkeratosis)

mucocutaenous

Bacterial folliculitis

dermatophytosis

Demodicosis

PDD

In ruling out DDx for PF:

skin scrapes r/o ____

trichograms r/o _____

____ is the key to timely dx

demodicosis

dermatophytosis

cytology

Pemphigus Vulgaris is the most ___ form of pemphigus.

Animals are often _____ upon presentation.

severe

found sick

bullous

acantholytic cells

Histopath

interface dermatitis with a lichenified and of plasma cells & lymphocytes

melanin "leaking" into the dermis

Histopath

systemic illness

DLE

Differentiating DLE & SLE:

Discoid Lupus is _____(generalized, nongeneralized), ANA_, & patients are ___

Systmic Lupus is ___(generalized, nongeneralized), ANA_, and patients are ___

Not generalized, ANA-, healthy

generalized, ANA+, sick

folliculitis (demotox, dermatophites, pyoderma)

yeast dermatitis

allergic disorders

autoimmune dz

What type of alopecia is defined as:

"endocrine" pattern"

head, extremities spared

often bilateral, symmetrical

hair epilates easily

skin is smooth and normal in color

hyperpigmentation often present?

What type of alopecia is defined as:

"any" pattern

can affect head, extremitites

may be asymmetrical

does not epilate easily, broken

evidnce of self-trauma

erythema usually present +/- hyperpigmentation

This histopathy is associated with which type of alopecia?

hyperkeratosis (epidermal = seborrhea, follicular = comedones)

follicular dilation (keratin)

follicular atropy (small follicles & adnexa)

This histopath is associated with which form of alopecia?

predominantly telogen hairs

epidermal melanosis

epidermal atrophy

sebaceous gl atropy

folliculitis from secondary pyoderma

Enodrine: Cushings & Sex hormone dermatoses

Non-endocrine: Alopecia X, Cyclic flank alopecia

Pattern baldness

anagen/telogen defulx

follicular dysplasia

SC adenititis

TSH is elevated

T4 & FT4 low to normal

What dz is this form of alopecia associated with?

may not always be typical 'endocrine' alopecia

"rat tail"

loss of gaurd hairs ('puppy coat')

hair loss in areas of wear

What dz is this form of alopecia associated with?

Failure to shed properly

hairs bleached (retained UV light)

Hyperpigmentation along the bridge of the nose

Hair does not always epilate easily

MYXEDEMA

Histopath with the associated findings is characteristic of which dz?

Mucinoisis

Acanthoisis

Which dz is asscociated with these derm lesions?

Cutaneous atropy (collagen degeneration)

recurrent NON-PRURUTIC pyoderma

Calcinosis cutis

Poor wound healing & bruising w/ minimal trauma

Which dz is associated with this histopath:

calcinosis cutis

atrophic dermis

atrophic epidermis

ACTH stimulation test

Low dose Dex suppression test

Abdominal U/S

High dose Dex suppression test

Which dz is associated with this description?

Bilaterally symmetric alopecia, extremities spared

comedomes

secondary seborrhea

enlarged nipples, vulva (chronic inflammation)

irregular estrus cycles

What dz is seen in males described as:

feminization

bilateral symmetrical alopecia, limb sparing

linear preputial hyperpigmentation

macular melanosis

abnormal testicles upon palpation

Which dz is found in intact males described as:

hyperplastic circumanal gls

hyperplastic tail gls

seborrhea oleosa

rarely symmetrical alopecia

testicles may palpate normally

Which dz is associated with altered protein catabolism resulting in:

atrophy

alopecia

seborrhea

poor wound healimg

pyoderma

xanthoma

Which dz is described by:

loss of guard hairs

progression to complete alopecia

intense hyperpigmentation of the skin

otherwise healthy

R/o others (hypothyroidism, cushings, sex hormone dzs)

biopsy consistent w/ endocrinopathy

'Jolt' the hair follicle into anagen via neutering, mitotane & melatonin

(also GH, testerone but not recommended)

What sydromes do these breeds have a predilection for?

Dachshunds

Dachshunds & Bostons

Portugese water dogs & American water spaniels

Greyhounds

Dachshunds: Pinnal alopecia

Dachshunds, Bostons: ventral & cd aloepcia

Water dogs: pattern alopecia

Greyhounds:Bald thighs

Which dz is described:

seasonal focal truncal alopecia

typically resolves within months

hairloss in winter or spring

usually more of a problem further north

symmetrical flank alopecia

hyperpigmentation of area

r/o endocrinopathies

biopsy

What dz is caused by an abnormal/defective melanization with resulting hair breakage?

often see alopecia, seborrhea, pyoderma

What dz is described by:

generalized interruption of anagen phase

sudden hairloss associated with illness or stress

Which dz is associated with:

severe illness or whelping disrupting the normal anagen phase

all hairs syncrhonized to haired telogen phase

1-3 mos later - new anagen phase starts & all telogen hairs lost at once

What is definfed by:

brushing or removeing shed hair, 'bald' areas are noted

excessive shedding

r/o endocrinopathies

Neuropathic

Psychiatric

allergy

staphy

dry skin

onset <3 yrs age

dog lives mostly indoors

GCC-responsive

Pruritis w/o lesions at onset

Affected front feet & ear pinnae

Chlorohex

Chloramphenicol

Ethanol

Iodine/iodophors

b.Eradimite

c.Mibeomite

b.systemic ABs,

c.topical GCCs

ear discharge, head shaking, scratching ears

ABs

pyrethrins

selemectin

ivermectin

milbemycin

topical (systemic): selamectin, imidocoprid/moxidectin

alter the pH (vinegar & water, 1:2)

a.BurOtic HC

b.Malacetic HC

c.T8 Keto

d.Vinegar/water (1:2)

e.Epi-Otic/Dermapet Ear Cleanser +/-

torbramycin

polymyxin B

Tris-EDTA

silver sulfadizaine

Ticarcillin

Burow's solution

Topical & systemic ABs

Topical & Systemic GCCs

a.astringents

b.acidifying agents

good; mild antibacterial & yeast action, broad spec, aqueous base, good for first occurences

bad: packaging/dispenser

ointment base