Term
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Definition
mesaticephalic
brachycephalic
dolichocephalic |
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Term
| Term for medium head type? Breed examples? |
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Definition
| Mesaticephalic; German Shepherds, Labs, DSH |
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Term
| Term for short head type? Breed examples? |
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Definition
| Pugs, Boxers, bulldogs, Persians |
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Term
| Term for long head type? Breed examples? |
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Definition
| Collies, greyhounds, seal-point Siamese |
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Term
| Area where the maxilla and mandible meet in the back of the mouth is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the area between the cheek and teeth/gingiva called? |
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Definition
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Term
| A puppy has ___ teeth and an adult dog has ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| A kitten has ___ teeth and an adult cat has ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What cell produces enamel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the neck of a tooth? |
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Definition
| Area where the enamel thins close to the gumline, often marked by a slight indentation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The tip of the crown is called the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The deepest part of the root is called the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth root via the ___ ___ or ___ ___. |
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Definition
| apical delta; apical foramen |
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Term
| Another term for tooth socket? |
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Definition
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Term
| The bulk of the tooth consists of ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells that produce dentin/e? |
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Definition
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Term
| The innermost portion of the tooth is called the ___ ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are odontoblasts found? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the pulp chamber below the gumline |
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Term
| Groove between free and attached gingiva? |
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Definition
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Term
| Area between the free gingiva and the tooth? |
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Definition
| sulcus if healthy, pocket if space exists |
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Term
| What structure holds a tooth in its socket? What holds this structure to the tooth? |
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Definition
| periodontal ligament; cementum |
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Term
| What is the alveolar bone? |
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Definition
| Bone of maxilla or mandible in which the tooth rests. |
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Term
| What fibers help hold a tooth in its socket? |
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Definition
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Term
Verb for when a tooth falls out?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Premolars are used for... |
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Definition
| cutting, breaking up food |
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Term
| In dogs, the mandible does not have any... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Area in which the roots join the crown. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 x (3/3i, 1/1c, 3/3p) = 28 |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 x (3/3I, 1/1C, 4/4P, 2/3M) = 42 |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 x (3/3i, 1/1c, 3/2p) = 26 |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 x (3/3I, 1/1C, 3/2P, 1/1M) = 30 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (mandible) toward the center of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| (maxilla) toward the center of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The area between two teeth is called the __ __. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of occlusion do dogs and cats have? |
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Definition
| sectorial occlusion - chewing occurs on the sides of the teeth |
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Term
| Correct anatomical naming of a tooth goes in what order? |
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Definition
| L/R, max/mandib, #, tooth type |
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Term
| What is a "primary" tooth? |
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Definition
| deciduous or "baby" tooth |
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Term
| In the Triadan system, what # refers to the right maxillary quadrant? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Triadan system, what # refers to the left maxillary quadrant? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Triadan system, what # refers to the left mandibular quadrant? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Triadan system, what # refers to the right mandibular quadrant? |
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Definition
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Term
| In species with fewer teeth, how does the Triadan system number the teeth? |
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Definition
| Rule of 4 and 9 - canine is always 04, first molar is always 09. Count back from 09 to number premolars |
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Term
| Normal occlusion in cats and dogs is a ___ bite. |
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Definition
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Term
| A space between teeth is called a ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Missing teeth is called ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Retaining a tooth or root in the bone subgingivally can lead to the formation of a ___ ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is interceptive orthodontics? |
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Definition
| extracting deciduous teeth to prevent orthodontic malocclusions |
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Term
| What orthodontic condition are Westies prone to? |
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Definition
| cranial mandibular osteodystrophy; nonneoplastic bone forms at TMJ and may extend into mandible |
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Term
| What orthodontic condition are immature large breed dogs prone to? |
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Definition
| mandibular periostitis ossificans; unilateral swelling of ventral part of mandible, new bone formation |
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Term
| Fractured deciduous teeth can result in... |
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Definition
| abscesses, which may lead to enamel hypoplasia and/or fistula |
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Term
| Extra teeth are called ___ ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally formed supernumary teeth, usually canines or incisors |
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Term
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Definition
| Two developing teeth with different buds fused together. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tooth bud partially divides in an attempt to form two teeth. |
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Term
| How to differentiate fused and gemini teeth? |
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Definition
| Rads- one root if gemini, two roots if fused |
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Term
| An abnormally formed root is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| Malocclusions can be ___ or ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| overall normal occlusion, but 1 or more teeth are out of alignment |
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Term
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Definition
| mandible is abnormally short, potentially causing canines and incisors to penetrate hard palate |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by several forms, including mandibular prognathism, bowed mandible, and maxillary brachygnathism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Class I malocclusions can be caused by... |
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Definition
-spearing/lancing canines or lateral incisors
-distoversion or mesioversion
-linguoversion or buccoversion
-labioversion
-base-narrowed canines
-crossbite |
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Term
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Definition
| asymmetric skeletal malocclusion |
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Term
| Term for abnormal enamel formation and maturation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells create enamel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is enamel hypoplasia? |
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Definition
| Ameloblasts stop making enamel, so the crown is dull and susceptible to flaking. Can be caused by high fever or traumatic extractions. |
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Term
| The most common fracture of the 4th premolar? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes a slab fracture? |
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Definition
| Force placed on a small area (cusp) fractures enamel and dentin, exposing the pulp. |
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Term
| A tooth that appears purple, pink or tan indicates what? |
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Definition
| pulpal hemorrhage; starts off pink, then purple as hemoglobin loses oxygen, then tan |
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Term
| Brown stains on a tooth indicate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Black stains on a tooth indicate what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| partial displacement of tooth from its socket |
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Term
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Definition
| complete displacement of tooth from its socket |
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Term
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Definition
| feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion syndrome |
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Term
| Why is the term FORL not used any more? |
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Definition
| Simply use "tooth resorption" because cats aren't the only ones who get it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is an oronasal fistula? |
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Definition
| A hole connecting the mouth to the nasal cavity, caused by advanced periodontal disease that wears down the bone |
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Term
| What is gingival hyperplasia? |
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Definition
| proliferation of gingival cells, leading to pockets and periodontal Dz. Common in collies, boxers, cockers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Scalers have ___ sharp sides and a ___ tip. |
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Definition
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Term
| Curettes have ___ sharp sides and a ___ tip. |
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Definition
| 2 sharp sides, round "toe" |
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Term
| Which can be used both supragingivally and subgingivally - curette or scaler? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is used for coarse sharpening? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used for fine sharpening? |
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Definition
| Arkansas stone and oil; or ceramic stone and water |
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Term
| How do ultrasonic scalers remove calculus? |
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Definition
| Sound waves are converted into mechanical vibration; these vibrations shatter calculus and free it from the tooth |
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Term
| Types of ultrasonic tips and where they can be used? |
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Definition
Beaver-tail tip: supragingivally
"perio probe" aka periodontal insert: subgingivally |
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Term
| ___ speed handpieces are used for polishing teeth, whereas ___ speed handpieces are used for cutting teeth or doing root canals. |
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Definition
| polish on low, cut/root canal on high |
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Term
| What are 3-way syringes used for? |
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Definition
-button for water, button for air
-press together for mist
-used to clear away debris and dry a tooth |
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Term
| What type of eyeglasses provide the best magnification? |
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Definition
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Term
| Different lighting sources? |
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Definition
-surgical light for wide, even lightning
-spot lighting with headlamp
-focal lighting with fiber optics on handpiece |
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Term
| 4 types of hand instruments? Additional one? |
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Definition
| probes, explorers, scalers, curettes; calculus removal forceps |
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Term
| 4 portions of all instruments: |
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Definition
| handle, shank, terminal shank, working end |
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Term
| Handpieces usually operate at __ to __ psi. |
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Definition
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Term
| The text recommends using (what drug?) for dental procedures, at (max dose). |
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Definition
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Term
| How long til bupivacaine takes effect? How long does it last? |
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Definition
| takes 4-8 min, lasts 6-10 hours |
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Term
| 4 types of regional blocks used in vet dentistry? |
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Definition
| rostral/caudal maxillary/mandibular |
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Term
| Lidocaine begins analgesia in ___ and lasts ___. |
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Definition
| begins in 2-5min, lasts 1-2 hours |
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Term
| What 4 organs can be affected by periodontal disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plaque begins to accumulate ___ after cleaning. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| calcium from saliva absorbed by plaque |
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Term
| How does inflammation affect the tooth and surrounding gingiva? |
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Definition
| tooth loosens from gingiva, sulcus becomes pocket |
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Term
| Furcation exposure classifications: |
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Definition
F1 <1mm furcation exposed
F2 >1mm furcation exposed
F3 probe goes completely through furcation |
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Term
| PD Dz classification by attachment/bone loss: |
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Definition
PD0 = normal
PD1 = gingivitis, no bone loss
PD2 = <25% bone loss, F1
PD3 = 25-50% bone loss, F2
PD4 = >50% bone loss, F3 |
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Term
| How long to use mouth gags? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it important to remove subgingival calculus? |
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Definition
| otherwise plaque will continue to destroy periodontium |
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Term
| Why use fluoride after cleaning? How to apply? |
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Definition
-slow attachment of plaque
-apply with cotton swab, then wipe off |
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Term
| Periodontal disease is the ___ ___ Dz in dogs/cats over the age of __. |
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Definition
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Term
| PD Dz affects what % of dogs and cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dental care adds ___ to your pet's life. |
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Definition
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Term
| Incisors have __ root/s and are used to ____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Premolars have __ root/s and are used to ____. |
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Definition
| 1, 2, or 3 roots, shear/cut |
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Term
| Molars have __ root/s and are used to ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which are the carnassial teeth? |
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Definition
-upper last premolar, lower first molar
-biggest teeth |
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Term
| Dentin makes up ___ of the tooth. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2 names for areas of the tooth with pulp? |
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Definition
-pulp chamber in the crown
-root canal in root |
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Term
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Definition
-CT
-nerves
-blood
-lymphatic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
-form dentin
-nourish dentin through tubules
-supply nerve sensitivity to dentin
-secrete reparative dentin to protect itself |
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Term
| Measure the gingival sulcus or pocket in __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Saliva contains ___ which interfere with bacterial growth and adherence to teeth. |
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Definition
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Term
| In carnivores, a saliva pH of ___ causes plaque to accumulate close to salivary glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| Salivary ducts are located... |
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Definition
| under tongue, lateral to upper 4th premolar and lower 2nd premolar |
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Term
| How to mark gingival recession? |
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Definition
| draw line on gums, write GR |
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Term
| How to mark gingival hyperplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rare in animals, but draw and write CA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most common curettes? Difference? |
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Definition
Universal - 2 cutting edges
Gracey - 1 cutting edge |
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Term
| What tool is used to detect calculus below the gumline? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tool is used to poke exposed nerves, brown spots on teeth, etc? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tool is used to examine tooth mobility? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What tool is used to measure depth of gingival sulcus? |
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Definition
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Term
Normal sulcus depth for
dogs?
cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| Before anesthesia, get the following supplies ready: |
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Definition
-dental instruments (tartar cracker, probe/explorer, curette, hoe)
-gauze squares
-antibacterial flush
-prophy paste/polish
-prophy angle and cup
-fluoride foam
-dental chart on clipboard
-PPE |
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Term
|
Definition
1. rinse mouth
2. look for malocclusions
3. grade calculus (+'s, or Is)
4. grade gingiva I to IV
5. extra/missing/broken teeth
6. oral lesions / masses |
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Term
| How to remove gross calculus? |
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Definition
-calculus removal forceps / tartar cracker
-hoe |
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Term
| When power scaling, never stay on a tooth longer than __. |
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Definition
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Term
| After power scaling, how to check for remaining calculus? |
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Definition
| dry teeth with gauze square or air |
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Term
| What step comes after power scaling? |
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Definition
| supragingival hand scaling |
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Term
| Types of strokes to use for subgingival calculus removal? |
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Definition
| exploratory and scaling stroke |
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Term
| Scaling leaves ____ on tooth surface which provides a place for ___ to adhere. |
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Definition
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Term
| When polishing, spend only ___ on each tooth. |
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Definition
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Term
| How to polish subgingivally? |
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Definition
| enough pressure to flare cup under gums |
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Term
| How to irrigate mouth after polishing? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When is pocket depth recorded? |
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Definition
| after cleaning and polishing |
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Term
| How many measurements per tooth of sulcus depth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Before applying fluoride, you must... |
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Definition
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Term
| Use a ___ amount of fluoride and wipe off after ___. |
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Definition
| quarter-sized amount, wipe after 2-3 min |
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Term
| Which instrument has a straight tip with lines on it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which instrument has a curved/hooked tip? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a cat has signs of stomatitis, what viral diseases should be tested for? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| chronic ulcerative gingivostomatitis |
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Term
| What may need to be done to treat CUGS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs are considered "rescue therapy" for CUGS? |
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Definition
| Abx, steroids, NSAIDs, pain meds |
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Term
| Stage 4 CUGS is treated with life-long __ and __. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| American Veterinary Dental College |
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Term
| AVDC currently classifies TR into __ stages. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| feline orofacial pain syndrome |
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Term
| About __ to __% of the domestic cat population has TR. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common TR treatment? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you take dental rads, you will find undetected problems in __% dogs, and __% cats. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Term for abnormal root from trauma during development? |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for a tooth that hasn't erupted and may be covered with bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| How to treat TR if root is completely resorbed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Feature of a dental abscess on a rad? |
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Definition
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Term
| Indications for dental rads: |
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Definition
-evaluate unerupted teeth
-evaluate TR
-Tx options for PD
-identify abscesses
-post-op eval of extractions
-eval oral masses
-prep/eval of endodontic procedures |
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Term
| Golden rule of positioning for dental rads? |
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Definition
-stand in front of animal for side teeth rads
-stand to side of animal for front teeth rads |
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Term
| Parallel technique can be used for rads of which teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Feature visible on a rad that lets you know you're viewing the maxilla? |
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Definition
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Term
| Feature visible on a rad that lets you know you're viewing the mandible? |
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Definition
| darker part on bottom of jaw (viewed from side) |
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Term
| Types of PPE to wear during prophy? |
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Definition
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