Term
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Definition
| intrinsic, deep, post-vertebral muscles innervated by the dorsal primary rammi of the spinal nerves |
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Term
| muscles of the back that are not true back muscles because not innervated by dorsal primary ramii? And what are these innervated by instead? |
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Definition
| posterior serratus superior and the posterior serratus inferior, these are innervated by the first four and last four intercostal nerves |
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Term
| origin of all 3 Erector spinae muscles |
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Definition
- sacroiliac ligaments
- broad tendon at posterior part of sacrum
- spinous processes of inferior lumbar and sacral vertebrae
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Term
| Insertion of Iliocostalis muscle |
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Definition
- angle of ribs
- transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
(It originates, along with other two erector spinae muscles, on sacroiliac ligaments, broad tendon on posterior of sacrum, and the inferior lumbar vertebrae and the sacral vertebrae) |
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Term
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Definition
| transverse processes and the mastoid process |
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Term
| Insertion of Spinalis muscle |
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Definition
- upper thoracic vertebrae spinous processes
- cranium |
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Term
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Definition
- extend vertebral column and head
- laterally flex the column |
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Term
| Innervation of erector spinae muscles |
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Definition
posterior rami of spinal nerves (so according to the true definition of back muscles these are not)
THE ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES ARE INTERMEDIATE INTRINSIC MUSCLES |
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Term
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles
Transversospinalis muscle group |
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Definition
Tracy Saw Multiple Roaches Quarrel.
Transversospinalis
- Superspinalis mm
- Multifidi mm
- Rotatares mm
- Quadratus lumborum m. |
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Term
| Two groups of deep intrinsic back muscles are: |
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Definition
Transversospinalis group
Minor Deep back muscle group |
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Term
| What muscles are part of the minor deep back muscles? |
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Definition
Much Icing Is Lovely.
Minor Deep Back muscles
- Intertransversari m.
- Interspinalis m.
- Levator costarum |
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Term
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Definition
—Origin: transverse processes of the 6th through 10th thoracic vertebrae
—Insertion: spinous processes of the first four thoracic and last two cervical vertebrae
—Nerve supply: posterior rami of spinal nerves
—Action: Extends vertebral column and rotates contralaterally
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Term
—Multifidi mm.-middle, mainly lumbar
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Definition
—Origin: posterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacroiliac ligaments, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of T1-3, and articular processes of C4-7
—Insertion: Entire length of spinous processes 2-4 levels above the origin of the muscle
—Action: stabalize vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column
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Term
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Definition
—Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae, best developed in thoracic region
—Insertion:
—Longus: spinous process of vertebrae immediately superior to origin
—Brevis: spinous process of vertebrae 2 segments superior to origin
—Action: stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotatory movements of vertebral column
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Term
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Definition
posterior abdominal wall
—Insertion: Tips of the lumbar transverse processes
—Action: Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column |
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Term
—Intertransversarii mm.
—
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Definition
Origin: transverse processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: transverse process of adjacent vertebrae
Action: aid in lateral flexion, stabilize vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
—Origin: tips of transverse
processes of C7 and T1-11
vertebrae
—Insertion: between the angle
and tubercle of ribs inferior
—Action: elevate ribs, assisting respiration, stabilize vertebral column
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Term
Posterior superficial neck muscles
Splenius capitis muscle |
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Definition
—Origin: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3(4) vertebrae
—Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line on occipital bone
—Action: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscle, extend head and neck
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Term
Splenius cervicis
posterior superficial neck muscle
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Definition
Origin: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3(4) vertebrae
Insertion: tubercles of transverse processes of C1-3(4) vertebrae
Action: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscle, extend head and neck |
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Term
| Semispinalis capitis m. (INTERMEDIATE NECK MUSCLE |
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Definition
Origin: tips of the transverse processes of C7-T6(7), and articular processes of C4-6
Insertion: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone
Action: extends the head and rotates contralaterally to active muscle |
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Term
| semispinalis cervisis m. (INTERMEDIATE NECK MUSCLE) |
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Definition
Origin: transverse processes of the first five or six thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: spinous processes from the axis to the fifth cervical vertebrae (C2-C5)
Action: extend the vertebral column and rotate toward the opposite side |
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Term
POSTERIOR SUBOCCIPITAL NECK MUSCLES
Rectus capitis posterior major m. |
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Definition
Origin: spinous process of C2 vertebrae
Insertion: lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
Nerve supply: posterior ramus of C1, suboccipital nerve
Action: posture muscle, small movements of head and C1/2 |
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Term
POSTERIOR SUBOCCIPITAL NECK MUSCLE
Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle |
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Definition
Origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1 vertebrae
Insertion: medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
Action: posture muscle, small movements of head and C1/2 |
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Term
| What muscle origninates on the posterior tubercle of C1? |
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Definition
| Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor muscle and the Obliquus capitis inferior muscle |
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Term
| What muscle origninates on the posterior tubercle of C1? |
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Definition
| Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor muscle and the Obliquus capitis inferior muscle |
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Term
| what muscle inserts on the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line? |
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Definition
| Rectus capitis posterior major |
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Term
| what muscle inserts on the medial part of the inferior nuchal line? |
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Definition
| Rectus capitis posterior minor |
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Term
| What muscle inserts between the superior and inferior nuchal line on the occipital bone? |
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Definition
| Semispinalis capitis muscle and the Obliquus capitis superior muscle |
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Term
| what muscle extends the head and rotates it contralaterally? |
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Definition
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Term
| what muscle extends the vertebral column and rotates the neck contralaterally? |
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Definition
| semispinalis cervisis muscle |
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Term
| Obliquus capitis superior muscle |
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Definition
Origin: transverse process of C1 vertebrae
Insertion: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Action: posture muscle, small movements of head and C1/2 |
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Term
| what muscle originates on the transverse process of C1? |
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Definition
| Obliquus capitis superior muscle |
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Term
| what muscle originates on the spinous process of C2? |
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Definition
| Rectus capitis posterior major muscle |
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Term
| Both the obliquus capitis superior and the semispinalis capitis muslces insert where? |
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Definition
| between the superior and inferior nuchal lines on the occipital bone. |
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Term
| Semispinalis cervisis inserts where? |
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Definition
| spinous processes of C2-C5 |
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Term
| what muscle originates on the spinous process of C2 |
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Definition
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Term
| obliquus capitis inferior muscle |
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Definition
Origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C2 vertebrae
Insertion: transverse process of C1 vertebrae
Action: posture muscle, small movements of head and C1/2 |
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Term
| What muscle originates on the posterior tubercle of C2? |
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Definition
| obliquus capitis inferior and the rectus capitis minor muscle |
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Term
| The floor of the suboccipital triangle is what? |
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Definition
| Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane, posterior arch of C1 |
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Term
| The roof of the supoccipital triangle is the____ ____ _____. |
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Definition
| semispinalis capitis muscle |
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Term
| Name the contents of the suboccipital triangle. |
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Definition
| Vertebral artery and the suboccipital nerve. |
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Term
| what is the suboccipital nerve important for? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the accessory nerves of the head and neck. |
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Definition
- Suboccipital nerve
- Greater occipital nerve
- Lesser occipital nerve
- posterior rami C3-C7 |
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Term
| List the origin, course and distribution of the SUBOCCIPITAL NERVE. |
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Definition
ORIGIN: posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1
COURSE: runs between cranium and C1 to reach suboccipital triangle
DISTRIBUTION: muscles of the suboccipital triangle |
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Term
| List the origin, course, and distribution of the GREATER OCCIPITAL NERVE. |
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Definition
ORIGIN: Posterior ramus of spinal nerve C2.
COURSE: emerges below the obliquus capitis inferior and ascends to posterior scalp
DISTRIBUTION: Skin over neck and occipital bone |
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Term
| List the origin, course, and distribution of the LESSER OCCIPITAL NERVE. |
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Definition
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR rami of spinal nerves C2 and C3
COURSE: passes directly to skin
DISTRIBUTION: skin of superior postolateral neck and skin posterior to ears |
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Term
| List the origin, course, and distribution of the POSTERIOR RAMI C3-C7. |
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Definition
ORIGIN: Posterior rami of spinal nerves C3 to C7.
COURSE: pass segmentally to muscle and skin
DISTSRIBUTION: intrinsic back muscles and overlaying skin close to vertebral column |
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Term
| A sprain damages what tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| A strain is damage to a ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes a back sprain? |
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Definition
| strong contractions in the vertebral column from hyperextension/flexion or rotation |
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Term
| What causes a back strain? |
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Definition
| overly strong contractions of the back muscles resulting in stretching or microtears to the muscle |
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Term
| What happens in response to a strained back? |
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Definition
| Inflammation> Spasms as a defense mechanism, accompanied by cramps and pain that interfere with function |
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Term
| The vertebral arteries can be blocked via ____ or _____. |
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Definition
| -dislocation or arteriosclerosis |
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