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Davidson College HIS 381
Final Test
91
History
Undergraduate 3
05/08/2009

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Term
Jeremy Bentham
Definition
Utilitarian 1748-1832
Term
James Mill
Definition
Utilitarian 1773-1836
Term
John Stuar Mill
Definition
Utilitarian 1806-1873
Term
Britain's Border wars
Definition
War with Nepal 1814-1815; war with Burma 1824-1826; War with Afghanistan 1839-1842. Goal - total British dominance of the Subcontinent
Term
War with Nepal
Definition
1814-1815
Reasons:
1. Need for Nepalese Sal trees to make good railroad ties
2. It was good land to grow tea
3. Monitor Russian movements
war declared because Nepalese sheep herders invaded Company territory
Term
Treaty of Segauli
Definition
March 4, 1816. Peace treaty between British and Nepalese. Reduced the size of Nepal
Term
Baurmese Wars
Definition
1824-1826.
Reasons:
1. Burmese were cold to British overutres
2. Irawady delta was good for growing rice, could help feed cotton-growing India
3. Burmese teak for furniture
4. Create a Contigous coastline
War started over Shapuri Island, small island only existed in low tides, fisherman were on it
Term
Treaty of Yandabo
Definition
1826.
Burma lost territory, paid British £1 million, accept British court resident
Term
Result of War with Afghanistan
Definition
Russians stay north, British South, Amir of Afghanistan a compromise
Term
Provisions of the Charter Act of 1813
Definition
1. BEIC charter extended
2. British sovereignty over Company's possesions
3. Monopolies granted before were withdrawn
4. Restricted size of army
5. Sent a Bishop and 3 archdeacons
6. Missionaries allowed
7. 100,000 rupees granted to "study knowledge in India"
Term
Bentwick
Definition
1828-1835 Utilitarian, liberal gov. gen. Charter renewed under him. educated women
Term
Charter Act of 1833
Definition
1. All company's provisions were withdrawn
2. All-India character for the Government rather than provinces (political rule)
3. created a legislative council
4. Appt of a law commisioner
5. No discrimination by birth or color
Term
Bentwicks Reforms
Definition
Transfer of civil servants
Restrictions on allowance
Restricted opium trade
Introduce English in schools
Suppression of Sati
Public works programs
Term
Mutiny of 1857
Definition
Mutiny against British rule, widespread but failed uprising
Term
Causes of the Mutiny of 1857
Definition
Appointment imperialist GG George Ramsay Earl of Dalhousie (1848-56)
2. Doctrine of lapse
3. Abolition of titles and pensions
4. Increased missionary activity/threatened Hindus
5. Inequality of pay in the military
6. Oversees assignment
7. Immediate: Greased cartridge - pig/cow fat
Term
Reasons why Mutiny of 1857 failed
Definition
1. Mutiny was localized in cities in the North
2. Lacked central leadership
3. lacked mass base - not much nationalism
4. Opposition of Maharajas & landlords
5. British were well equipped
6 "lucky year for the British"
7. Sikhs supported British
Term
Results of the Mutiny of 1857
Definition
British gave the EIC a bill for £110 milion for troops
EIC could not pay the bill, taken over by british
British knew the company couldn't pay it
everything remained the same under a "new boss"
Term
Lord Rippon
Definition
GG 1880-1884. Catholic. Utilitarian. Idealist. 1880 Repealed the Vernacular Press Act. 1881 passed the resolution on Local Government, 1883 Bengal Tenancy Act
Term
Indian National Congress
Definition
Founded 1885
Three phases:
1. 1885-1906 Constitutional Phase - Ended with 'Surat Split' and the birth of the Muslim league
2. 1906-1919 Militant Phase ended with jalianwalabagh massacre
3. 1919-1947 Gandhian Phase, ended with India/Paki split
Term
Alan Octavian Hume
Definition
British Civil servant who helped Indian peasants, but eventually outstayed his welcome as a help to the Indians, resigned "his failue was his sucess" Indians needed room to grow
Term
GG George Nathaniel Curzon
Definition
1898-1905. imperialist, wanted to kill the IN congress. targeted religion as a dividing point.
saw Bengal as a good target, split it up "gerrymandering"
Term
Swedeshi Resolution
Definition
1905 - focused on local products, benefitted Indian business, Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Term
All India Muslim League
Definition
Started 1906, first goal to be loyal to the British
Term
Minority Rights clause
Definition
INC - if the majority of the minority opposes something it is vetoed
Term
Surat Split
Definition
1906 Occured at the session in Surat. Radical wing lead by B.G. Tilak and moderate led by Gokhale
Term
Sir William Jones
Definition
1746-1794. created the Asiatic society, translated sanskrit
Term
Max Mueller
Definition
1823-1900. German philologist studied sanskrit
Term
Hindu Renaissance
Definition
Impact of Western education, British system of educatioin, spread of western insitutions like social clubs, spirit of inquiry not emoirzation like sanskrit/arab ed., Challenge posed by christ. missionaries on the success of schools. Result: western schools more pop than trad. ones
Term
Brahmo Samaj
Definition
Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1744-1833 from Calcutta. Argued that Hinduism witnessed around the empire was not the Tru hinduism, tur Hinduism is through the Vadas. "One goal" Society founded 1830. Order of service (christian concept), meet Tuesday and read sanskrit, redainf from scripture, rejection of priesthood. Hindu examingin itself from within
Term
Keshub Chuand Sen
Definition
Sec. of the Samaj 1850-56. Gave emphasis to social reforms:
1. Improvement of the condition of women
2. Education of working class (untouchables)
3. Producing inexpensive religious and secular literature
4. Temperance and charity
Work towards civil marriage - civil marriage act of 1872
Term
PArthana Samaj
Definition
Subsidiary of the Brahmo S, prayer society, worked with the framework of hinduism but with protest, Observed Hinu custom not religion, did not think the vedas were infallible. Social reforms:
rerefjection of caste system
widow remariagge
eradication of purdah and child marriages
education of women
Term
Arya Samaj
Definition
1875, Dayananda Sarasrati founder, from affluent famly, framed constitution of th AS,
1. Vedas alone authoratative
2. Everyone pays 1% of income for literature
3. Vedas should be taught to all- readless of caste etc.
opposed Child marriage - men 25, w 16
5. favored inter-caste marriages
6. Introduced the cermony of Sudhi
Term
Ramakrishna Mission
Definition
1897, Ramakrishna Parahamsa 1836-1886, many forms of God 1 god w/ many names, Swami Vivekanonda 1862-1902 started a monastic order 1897.
Term
Aligarh Movement
Definition
Muslim reaction to the Hindu Renaissance, created the aligarh School modeled after Eton and the Aligarh Muslim University modeled after Oxbridge. Broad themes, ed/soc reform:
1. foster understanding between the British and the Muslims
2. Encourage the Muslims to embrace eng. ed
3. Abstain from the politics of aigtaion
4. Produce an intellectial class among the Muslims
Term
Morely-minto reforms
Definition
1909, on paper it increased Indian representation on paper in the INC
Term
Har Dayal and the Ghadr movement
Definition
means mutiny movement, thought they should fight, wanted weapons, cooperated with germans during ww1, British had him arrested sent to DC
Term
Defense of India Act
Definition
equivalent to Patriot act, during ww1
Term
George Rowlatt
Definition
sent him to study shit, never mean an indian, proposed a set of litigation, court changes, new defintion of evidence, punjab did not react well to the Rowlatt Bills
Term
Jalianwalabagh Massacre
Definition
17 April 1919, park surrounded by buildings, only one narrow entrance/eit, about 6,000 people there, 50 gurkhas, took 1600 bullets only 71 did not hit people
Term
Mahatma Gandhi
Definition
1869-1948, "Great Soul," not particularlly bright growing up, learned law in England, learned about discrimination as a legal interpreter in S. AFrica, created Satyagraha, influenced by Tolstoy, Ruskin, thoreau; said that violence was better than cowardice, spent 233(3)8 days in prison, gave him time to think and write, became a pulic servant in 1897, never held office,
Term
Satyagraha
Definition
Gandhi's method of nonviolent conflict resoultion, influenced by Tolstoy, Ruskin, Thoreau
Term
Jawahral Nehru
Definition
1889-1964, moderate, socialist, rationalist, historian, first prime minister, only spoke english.
Term
S.C. Bose
Definition
1897-1945 (?), Revolutionary, wanted to gain independence, preferably by violent means, led Azad Hind and sided with Germany durin ww2
Term
B.R. Ambedkar
Definition
1891-1956, Harijan untouchable cause. Was a doctorate in England, lawyer in Germny, still untouchable in India. Preferred british to Indian (caste) rule, advocated minority rights
Term
Muhammed Ali Jinnah
Definition
1876-1956, Muslim Cause, Anglophile, loved cigars
Term
April 1930
Definition
Nationwide Salt Satyagraha
Term
Government of India Act
Definition
1935, salinet features - communal electorate and princely states
Term
Poona Act
Definition
Gandhi's act with the untouchables
Term
1937 elections
Definition
Muslim Leauge won only 4.8% of the toatl Muslim vote, Jinnah lost faith in electorate process
Term
Prince of Wales and Repulse
Definition
Sunk 10 December 1941, two ships were supoosed to protect India Burma and the asian colonies
Term
Singapore Surrender
Definition
15 February 1942, 85000 british australian indian troops japs invade burma
Term
Indian National Army
Definition
formed August 1942, 40,000 Indian pows quipped by japanese and Germans, led by Bose, declared Azad Hind free India in exile recognized by Axis
Term
Cripps mission
Definition
Stafford Cripps sent to india on Roosevelt's insistence because he wanted support of the INdian people, failed
Term
Quit India Resolution.
Definition
8 August 1942, proposal for british to vacate india, induce anarachy, so Indians would want Britian back
Term
Mountbatten
Definition
Hated Japs, oversaw the british changover to Indians
Term
Direct Action Day
Definition
16 August 1946, massive death toll, Muslims acting on the suggestion of Jinnah to fight for Independent Muslim state
Term
Boxers
Definition
reaction to imperialism,
1. Blend of taioist/confucian popular belifs
2. Sueprstious beliefs
3. Emphasis on physical fitness
were poor, wanted to take out anger on foreigners slogan "Support the Ching. Exterminate the foreigners"
Term
I Ho Tuan
Definition
"Righteous and Harmonious Band" - united the many separate groups of boxers
Term
Boxer Rebellion
Definition
27 May 1900 I Ho Tuans attack of Pekin-Tientsin Railway, June 20 1900 Empress dowager tzu Hsi declaration of war on foreingers
Term
Allied forces (boxer rebellion)
Definition
Japanese, Russian, British, American, French, Italians, Austrians. Germany fought separately.
Term
Provisions of Boxer Protocol
Definition
war indemnity of 450 million taels to be paid over 39 years at 4% interest customs duty collateral, punishment of boxers, destruction of defensive structures,
Term
Sun Yat Sen
Definition
born Canton 1894, from the south, grew up in Hawaii and western educated, tried to overthrow the gov't of canton in 1895 then fled to London. 1905 formed the Chinese United League (KMT) in Japan, organized 8 failed plots before 1911, declared president of the republic of China 1 January 1912. Three Principles nationalism, democracy, people's livelihood. Eventually succumbed to the cult of personality
Term
1911 revolution
Definition
9/10 October 1911 Wuchang uprising, engineering battalion rose up and defeated the first troops, Ching army was not used to uprising from the south, , Sun Yat Sen declared president but gave power to Tuan Shih kai
Term
Yuan Shih Kai
Definition
given power of the new Chinese republic by Sun Yet Sen, military background, died in 1916, Sun's offer:
1. Shift capital to Nanking
2. Accept provisional constitution, abolish monarchy give 3 years to restore unity, 4-9 years training in constiutional methods, 10th year free elections, died 1916
China was till basicaly controlled by foeigners, he new it.
After he died, period of warlord rule
Term
Chinese march about Versailles
Definition
17 November 1918, 6000 students, a nationalist event
Term
Chien Tu Hsiu
Definition
1870-1942, started a magazine called "new youth," radical, anti-establishment, emphasized: be independent, not servile, progressive, not conservative, comsmoplitan not isolationist, utilitarian not impractical, scientific not visionary. Emphasized youth and was anti-confucius
Term
Hu Shih
Definition
1891-1962, educated in the US, emphasized pragmatism, humanism, nationalism, scientific. methods of thought, emancipation of women. Started the "Plain language movement" wanted to remove flowery, class-system status-based characteristics of the language. Advice - "Go West"
Term
Tsai Yuan Pei and Peita
Definition
"New tide" magazine for university students, 1918 appointed "fiery youmg Mao zedong as library assistant
Term
Rape of Nanking
Definition
December 1937, 300,000 chinese killed
Term
Greater East Asia Co-prosperity sphere
Definition
Formally proposed August 1 1940, supported asian nationalist movements, Japan wanted to control asia like britain, both islands, "asia for asians," installed a bunch of puppet leaders in India Burma Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, China, and Manchukuo (Machuria/korea)
Term
YMBA
Definition
Young Men's Buddhist Association, founded in Burma in 1906
Term
Shoe controversy
Definition
British refused to take off their shoes when entering Buddhist temples
Term
Thakin Movement
Definition
1936, Burmese Nationalism, Thakin was what Vietnamese called whites, equivalent to "master" Burmese began calling themselves Thakin
Term
Aung San
Definition
Burmese nationalist leader, fled to Thailand to escape the British, worked with the Japanese and S.C. Bose in 1942 when they invaded, then started secret negotiations with Mountbatten in 1945, won elections in 1948, Burma independent 1948
Term
Priyayi
Definition
Indonesian upper class, educated elite, supported the dutch, children studied in Netherlands
Term
Aung San
Definition
Burmese nationalist leader, fled to Thailand to escape the British, worked with the Japanese and S.C. Bose in 1942 when they invaded, then started secret negotiations with Mountbatten in 1945, won elections in 1948, Burma independent 1948
Term
Priyayi
Definition
Indonesian upper class, educated elite, supported the dutch, children studied in Netherlands
Term
wong cilik
Definition
little people, lower class, indonesian "untouchables"
Term
Budi Utomo
Definition
1908, students in newly founded indonesian medical school started modern political organization, demanded more participation in government, and spoked malaysian because it was less hierarchical linguistically than javanese, dissolved in 1935
Term
Islamic Union
Definition
Indonesian equivalent of the Muslim league founded in 1912, started by the wong cilik, wanted more participation, was anti-chinese merchant class
Term
Hendricus Sneevliet
Definition
1914, Indonesian communist party, he was Dutch
Term
Saraskeet Islam
Definition
In its 1917 congress refused to reject capitalism, foreign bad, Indo-capitalism good.
Term
Indonesian Study Club
Definition
1924, goal to solve social problems through self-help,
Term
Sukarno and the Indonesian Nationalist Party
Definition
1927 formed from the Study club, goals were mass organization and non-cooperation with the Dutch, 1940 "imprisoned," 1942 released by Japanese, made head of Jap advisory board, 1946 captured by Dutch, UN outraged, released on 27 Dec 1949 Indonesia granted independence same day
Term
Apolinario de la Cruz
Definition
wasn't ordained because he wasn't spanish, started a native religious brotherhood "St. Joseph and the Virgin" executed in 1841, some consider him the first nationalist
Term
Illustrados and the Propaganda movement
Definition
educated Philippine elite, interested in tagalog cultural nationalism and Pre-Spanish history
Term
Jose Rizal
Definition
1861-1896, famous exponent of the propaganda movement, A wealthy mestizo (Chinese father and Philippino mether) – educated in Jesuit schools – couldn’t enter the Order, 1882 went to Madrid to study medicine.
1886 Published a novel Noli Me Tongere (Touch me not)
Church branded the book as “heretical, impious, offensive and scandalous, 2nd novel El Filbussterimo (The eign of Greed) drew on experiences with peasants, both in spanish, 1892 returned to Philippines and startedLiga Fillipino encourage participation in the civil service
branded anti-national and and exhiled to
Term
Liga Filippino
Definition
1892, founded Jose Rizal, nonviolent civic society. Goals:
1. Unite the archipelago into a comapct unit
2. Mutual hep
3. Defense against organized violence
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce
5. study and application of reforms
Term
Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan
Definition
In Rizals, absense radicalism grew, Bonifacio and Anguiralo organized Katipunan secret society, favored radical change and revolution, Rizal goes to Cuba in protest, Revolt as soon as Rizal left, Rizal was blamed, executed in 1896, Katipunan resembled Nationalist army. Jan 1898 Aginaldo accepted cash and amnesty in exchange for voluntary exile in Hong Kong.
Term
Spanish American War/ Treaty of Paris
Definition
1898, America purchased Philippines for 20 mil. Taft's goal was to train them for their own government.
Term
Philippines during World War II
Definition
1943 Japanese invaded, Philippinos switched loyalty to Japanese. Americans forgave them after recapture in Oct 1944. Granted independence 1946
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