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D330 Final Review
Final Review
54
History
Undergraduate 3
05/01/2006

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Cards

Term
Aloysius Stepinac
Definition
-Croatian archbishop and Cardinal
-Supported the Independent State of Croatia before WWII
Term
apparatchik
Definition
-Full-time, professional functionary of the Communist Party
Term
Sonderweg
Definition
-The theory that Germany and German speaking lands have followed their own path through history, apart from the rest of Europe
Term
German Democratic Republic (GDR)
Definition
-Communist East Germany
Term
Federal Republic of Germany
Definition
-West Germany
Term
NATO
Definition
-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
-States that if one nation in NATO is attacked, they're all attacked
Term
Walter Ulbricht
Definition
-German Communist politician
-played central role in developing East Germany
Term
Nikita Khrushchev
Definition
-Leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin's death
-much more liberal than Stalin
-wanted Destalinization
Term
Nikita Khrushchev's "Secret Speech"
Definition
-A speech denouncing Stalinism in an attempt to bring the Soviet Union closer to Leninism
Term
Warsaw Pact
Definition
-counterpart to NATO
-military alliance between Central and Eastern European Communist states
Term
Bolesław Bierut
Definition
-Polish Communist leader and Soviet ally that led Poland after WWII
Term
Władysław Gomułka
Definition
-Polish Communist leader
-Took over after Bierut
-forced to resign after he ordered the massacre of dozens of shipyard workers
Term
Imry Nagy
Definition
-served as Hungarian Prime Minister for a short period following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956
-Became anti-Soviet
Term
Janos Kadar
Definition
-Communist leader of Hungary from 1956-1988
Term
Alexander Dubcek
Definition
-Slovak politician
-Breif leader of Czechoslovakia during the Prague Spring
-Famous for wanted Communist reform
Term
"Socialism with a Human Face"
Definition
-program announced by Alexander Dubcek in Czechoslovakia
-process of mild democracy and political liberalization that allowed the Communists to keep power
Term
Prague Spring
Definition
-period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia
Term
Jan Palach
Definition
-Czech student that protested by lighting himself on fire
Term
Normalization (Czechoslovakia)
Definition
-name commonly given to the period 1969 to about 1987. It was characterized by initial restoration of the conditions prevailing before the reform period led by Alexander Dubček
Term
Brezhnev Doctrine
Definition
-counterpart to the Truman Doctrine
-stated that capitalist pressures and threats to one socialist nation was a threat to all socialist nations
Term
Gheorghiu-Dej
Definition
-Communist leader of Romania from 1948-1965
-against Destalinization
Term
Sino-Soviet Split
Definition
-major diplomatic conflict between the Soviet Union and China
-over Communist ideologies and national interests
Term
Comecon
Definition
-"Council of Economic Mutual Assistance"
-Economic counterpart to the Warsaw Pact
Term
Nicolae Ceausescu
Definition
-Leader of Communist Romania from 1965 until his overthrow and execution in 1989
Term
Nepotism
Definition
-derogatory term in meaning favoring someone because of their relationship to you rather than their abilities
Term
Securitate
Definition
-secret police force of Communist Romania
Term
Todor Zhivkov
Definition
-Communist leader of Bulgaria
Term
Traicho Kostov
Definition
-Bulgarian Deputy Prime Minister executed in Show trial
Term
Koci Xoxe
Definition
-Defense and Interior Prime Minister of Albania
-Executed for being pro-Tito
Term
Enver Hoxha
Definition
-Communist leader of Albania from the end of WWII until his death in 1985
-He was pro-Stalin
Term
nomenklatura
Definition
-Russian term referring to the very elite class of Soviet Union Party Members
Term
Self-management
Definition
-system where the employees themselves make all of the decisions rather than have a supervisor
Term
"Withering away of the state"
Definition
-the theoretical period after a Socialist revolution in which the Vanguard slowly gives up power to the people
Term
Praxis Group
Definition
-Marxist humanist movement in Zagreb and Belgrade
Term
Workers' Defense Committee (KOR)
Definition
-a Polish civil society group that emerged under communist rule to give aid to prisoners detained after labor strikes
Term
Pope John Paul II
Definition
-pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1978 until his death in 2005
Term
Solidarity
Definition
-Polish Trade Union Federation
-First major anti-communist organization
-Solidarity's influence led to the intensification and spread of anti-communist ideals and movements throughout the countries of the Eastern Bloc, weakening their communist governments
Term
Wojciech Jaruzelski
Definition
-Polish political and military leader in the 1980's
-involved in plot against Gomulka
Term
Vaclav Havel
Definition
-First President of the Czech Republic
-anti-totalitarian that published Charter 77
Term
Helsinki Accords
Definition
-Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe between US, Canada, USSR, and other European countries
-participating states agreed to recognize basic human rights
Term
The Plastic People of the Universe
Definition
-psychadelic rock band that became the symbolic center of the Czech underground
Term
the greengrocer
Definition
-"The Power of the Powerless"
-States people live lies and stand for ideals they dont agree with or understand because that is the communist way of life
Term
Post-Totalitarianism
Definition
-notion used to describe the Soviet Union after Stalin's death
Term
Charter 77
Definition
-Czech petition signed by over 2000 czechs -written by Vaclav Havel critcizing the government for failing to implement the basic civil rights guaranteed to the people by the Helsinki Accords and the Czech constitution
Term
Ivan Jirous
Definition
-artistic direct of the Plastic People of the Universe
-later the organizer of the Czech underground
Term
Samizdat
Definition
-the copying and distributing of banned literature and media in Soviet bloc countries
Term
Gustav Husak
Definition
-longterm Communist leader of Czechoslovakia in 70s and 80s
-his rule known as period of Normalization
Term
Mikhail Gorbachev
Definition
-final leader of the Soviet Union
-very reformist, essentially ended the Cold War but also ended the Communists reign in the Soviet Union
Term
Glasnost
Definition
-Gorbachev's policy of openness to pressure conservatives in the Communist party
-promoted openness, participation, and debate within the Party
Term
Perestroika
Definition
-Gorbachev's policy in restructuring the Soviet economy
-essentially aimed to open up the Soviet Union's economy
Term
Roundtable Talks
Definition
-In Warsaw, goverment initiated talks with the Solidarity trade group in an attempt to diffuse social unrest
Term
Civic Forum
Definition
-political party in Czechoslovakia following the Velvet Revolution
-goal was to unify all anti-totalitarian groups against the Communists in the 1990 elections
Term
Public Against Violence
Definition
-In Slovakia, this corresponded with Civic Forum
Term
Sinatra Doctrine
Definition
-Gorbachev joking used this term to describe the Soviet Union's policy of letting its neighboring nations determine their own internal affairs
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