Term
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Definition
Prawidłowa śledziona, grudka miazgi czerwonej
Aspirates from normal spleen typically have a densely
bloody background. Small aggregates of splenic red pulp/
stroma are useful to confirm aspiration of splenic
parenchyma. Nucleated cells are predominated
by small mature lymphocytes, with low numbers
of plasma cells or intermediate‐sized lymphocytes.
Low numbers of hematopoietic cells may be seen. |
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Term
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Definition
Hiperplazja guzkowa
Nodular hyperplastic lesions are characterized by increased
numbers of stromal aggregates of splenic red pulp, and a mixed population of lymphocytes, with variably increased numbers of hematopoietic precursors
The mixed
lymphocytes/plasma cells and
hematopoietic precursors can be seen. |
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Term
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Definition
Hematopoeza pozaśledzionowa
Erythroid precursors tend to predominate, with lesser
numbers of granulocytic and megakaryocytic precursors, though ratios may differ based on peripheral
demand. Erythroid precursors predominate, with
rare granulocyte precursors (arrow) |
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Term
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Definition
Hemangiosarcoma Note the spindle cells
forming cord (HSA) exfoliate variably well as pleomorphic
spindle cells seen individually or in aggregates/
sheets that may form cords. The spindle
cells are plump, with a moderate volume of medium‐blue
cytoplasm that forms tapering ends, and occasionally
long tendrils. Erythrophagia by neoplastic cells is reported, but not specific to HSA. Nuclei are
ovoid, with finely stippled chromatin, and multiple
prominent basophilic nucleoli. Multinucleation and
mitotic figures are common. Anisocytosis/anisokaryosis
are marked. |
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Term
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Definition
Myelolipomas contain hematopoietic precursors, similar
to cases of extramedullary hematopoiesis, but can
be differentiated due to concurrent presence of abundant
variably sized clear lipid vacuoles .Note the abundant lipid and the
megakaryocyte (lower left). |
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Term
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Definition
Myelolipomas contain hematopoietic precursors, similar
to cases of extramedullary hematopoiesis, but can
be differentiated due to concurrent presence of abundant
variably sized clear lipid vacuoles .Note the abundant lipid and the
megakaryocyte (lower left). |
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Term
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Definition
Large‐cell lymphoma appears similarly to other organs,
characterized by an expanded population of large, immature
lymphocytes with nuclei having diameters about
twofold to threefold that of red blood cells, and with
finely stippled chromatin. These cells
should ideally be seen in large numbers in the spleen to
help differentiate from a hyperplastic germinal center, or
florid lymphoid hyperplasia. |
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Term
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Definition
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) of the spleen is characterized
by sheets of large lymphocytes with round nuclei
approximately two red blood cells in diameter, and a
characteristic single, centrally located, prominent nucleolus. A moderate volume of pale‐blue cytoplasm
encircles the cells. Note: Large sheets of such cells
should be present to raise any suspicion of neoplasia, as
marginal zone hyperplasia is common in reactive lymphoid
follicles secondary to antigenic stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
Hemangiosarcoma Note the spindle cells
forming cord (HSA) exfoliate variably well as pleomorphic
spindle cells seen individually or in aggregates/
sheets that may form cords. The spindle
cells are plump, with a moderate volume of medium‐blue
cytoplasm that forms tapering ends, and occasionally
long tendrils. Erythrophagia by neoplastic cells is reported, but not specific to HSA. Nuclei are
ovoid, with finely stippled chromatin, and multiple
prominent basophilic nucleoli. Multinucleation and
mitotic figures are common. Anisocytosis/anisokaryosis
are marked. |
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Term
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Definition
Hepatosplenic Lymphoma
Note the
perinuclear, azurophilic cytoplasmic
granules
Neoplastic lymphocytes have nuclei approximately
two to three red blood cells in diameter, that frequently
have irregular membrane boundaries and finely stippled,
immature chromatin. They have a small volume
of medium‐blue cytoplasm that frequently contains
a perinuclear packet of faint azurophilic granules
(Figure 4.35). Neoplastic cells may be erythrophagocytic.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis and reactive histiocytes (often erythrophagocytic) typically are present in
abundance. |
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Term
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Definition
Acute leukemia granulocytic are characterized by large numbers of
neoplastic cells, with nuclei about twofold to threefold
the size of a red blood cell, that have finely stippled,
immature chromatin and mostly prominent nucleoli.
Mitotic rates generally are high. The cells have a variable
volume of cytoplasm, which may contain pink granules if
the cells are of granulocytic origin |
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Term
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Definition
Acute leukemia erythroid are characterized by large numbers of
neoplastic cells, with nuclei about twofold to threefold
the size of a red blood cell, that have finely stippled,
immature chromatin and mostly prominent nucleoli.
Mitotic rates generally are high. The cells have a variable
volume of cytoplasm, be
deep‐blue in erythroid leukemias |
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Term
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Definition
Small‐cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
are cytologically similar, characterized by sheets of a
monomorphic population of small lymphocytes. When
compared to normal small mature lymphocytes, these
cells have slightly larger nuclei (diameter ~1.25‐fold the
size of a red blood cell), and more open, less‐clumped
chromatin, often with prominent nucleoli |
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Term
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Definition
Multiple myeloma is characterized by large sheets and
aggregates of well‐differentiated plasma cells. The cells
have a moderate volume of pale‐blue cytoplasm, and
often have a characteristic, perinuclear clear zone Golgi zone). The nuclei are round, eccentrically
placed, and have clumped chromatin |
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Term
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Definition
Histiocytic sarcoma is characterized by individualized
cells with many criteria of malignancy, including marked
anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, with karyomegaly a
common finding. Multinucleation, nuclear fragmentation
and hyperchromasia also are common .
The cytoplasm usually is vacuolated. |
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Term
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Definition
HHS is characterized by well‐differentiated histiocytes/
macrophages, seen mostly in aggregates but also individually.
They have a moderate to abundant volume of
medium‐blue cytoplasm that may contain clear vacuoles,
and cells often are erythrophagocytic .
Anisocytosis/anisokaryosis are mild to moderate.
Note: it is important to rule out causes of reactive
histiocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
Visceral mast cell neoplasia is characterized by large sheets
of mast cells . These cells have a moderate
volume of cytoplasm that contains a variable number of
metachromatic granules. Nuclei are centrally located and
have granular chromatin with prominent nucleoli. |
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Term
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Definition
Śledziona Amyloid kot is seen as smooth to fibrillar, magenta extracellular
material, mostly associated with stromal aggregates
of red pulp Note the bright purple fibrillar
material between cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Przerzut śledziona raka wątrobowo komórkowego u kota |
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Term
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Definition
| Przerzut śledziona fibrosarcoma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Thymoma. cohesive sheet of thymic
epithelial cells (left) is accompanied by a
mixed population of lymphocytes.
Mostly resident thymic small mature lymphocytes,
admixed with lesser numbers of intermediate or large
lymphocytes. The neoplastic cells exfoliate as sheets of
polygonal cells with moderate to abundant pale‐blue
cytoplasm and ovoid nuclei with reticular chromatin and
variably prominent nucleoli. Anisocytosis/
anisokaryosis are mild, and N/C ratios are low. The neoplastic
epithelial cells do not always exfoliate, which
can make cytologic diagnosis of thymoma difficult. Mast
cells may be scattered individually across samples. |
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Term
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Definition
Thymic carcinoma
The cells have a
decreased volume of vacuolated
cytoplasm. Note the mitotic figure, Cells are cohesive, and have a moderate
volume of cytoplasm, which may contain fine clear
vacuoles. Nuclei are ovoid with finely granular chromatin,
and increased numbers of mitotic figures often are
seen. |
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Term
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Definition
Chłoniak
Note the irregular nuclear
membrane boundaries. Lymphoma of the thymus and mediastinal lymph nodes
is a high‐grade disease, characterized by cells with nuclei
1.5–3 red blood cells in diameter. Nuclei often have
irregular membrane boundaries, and mitotic figures are
common (Figure 4.49). The cells have a small volume of
pale‐blue cytoplasm. Lesser numbers of residual small
mature lymphocytes may be present |
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Term
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Definition
Septic exudate (bacterial septic
peritonitis). Note the
degenerative neutrophils and intracellular
bacterial rods. |
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Term
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Definition
Sterile neutrophilic exudate
from a dog with pancreatitis, 100×
objective. Note the clear lipid vacuoles
within the cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eosinophilic exudate, cat, |
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Term
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Definition
High‐protein exudate, Note the thick, proteinaceous and scalloped background with low numbers of red
blood cells. Np. FIP |
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Term
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Definition
Bile peritonitis, Note the aggregates of green/
yellow bile. |
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Term
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Definition
White bile peritonitis. Note the large aggregates of
smooth, pale‐blue mucinous material. |
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Term
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Definition
Chylous effusion, Note the abundant, variably
sized clear lipid vacuoles and
predominance of small mature
lymphocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hemorrhagic effusion, Reactive macrophages
contain phagocytosed red blood cells and
heme‐breakdown pigment including
hemosiderin (green/blue) and hematoidin
(golden/orange). |
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Term
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Definition
Reactive mesothelial cell, dog, Classic features of
cytoplasmic blebbing and a pink fringe
border are seen. They may be
seen individually, or in variably sized cohesive sheets. They occasionally have a perinuclear ring
of small clear vacuoles. |
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Term
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Definition
Highly reactive cells may lose
these features, and assume many criteria of malignancy,
including moderate to marked anisocytosis/anisokaryosis
and prominent nucleoli |
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Term
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Definition
Highly reactive cells may lose
these features, and assume many criteria of malignancy,
including moderate to marked anisocytosis/anisokaryosis
and prominent nucleoli. |
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Term
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Definition
Mesothelioma
Note the neoplastic cell that has been
phagocytosed by another neoplastic cell (cell
cannibalism).Exfoliates in large sheets, which frequently
have a papillary arrangement. Marked criteria
of malignancy are present, including anisokaryosis and
karyomegaly, multinucleation, and even cell cannibalism
Cannibalism is also reported in other
malignancies. Neoplastic mesothelial cells may
be erythrophagocytic or contain heme‐breakdown
pigments
Differentiation of mesothelioma from carcinoma or even
florid mesothelial hyperplasia is difficult with cytology
alone Useful cytomorphologic
criteria in human mesothelioma cases
include the presence of microvesicles in the cytoplasm,
dense cytoplasm, and angulated cell shape. W międzybłoniaku połączenia lepiej widoczne w raku ścisłe |
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Term
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Definition
Mesothelioma Neoplastic cells contain golden hematoidin
crystals. Exfoliates in large sheets, which frequently
have a papillary arrangement. Marked criteria
of malignancy are present, including anisokaryosis and
karyomegaly, multinucleation, and even cell cannibalism
Cannibalism is also reported in other
malignancies. Neoplastic mesothelial cells may
be erythrophagocytic or contain heme‐breakdown.
pigments
Differentiation of mesothelioma from carcinoma or even
florid mesothelial hyperplasia is difficult with cytology
alone Useful cytomorphologic
criteria in human mesothelioma cases
include the presence of microvesicles in the cytoplasm,
dense cytoplasm, and angulated cell shape. W międzybłoniaku połączenia lepiej widoczne w raku ścisłe |
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Term
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Definition
Mesothelioma Note the angular cell shape and
microvesicles within the cytoplasm. Exfoliates in large sheets, which frequently
have a papillary arrangement. Marked criteria
of malignancy are present, including anisokaryosis and
karyomegaly, multinucleation, and even cell cannibalism
Cannibalism is also reported in other
malignancies. Neoplastic mesothelial cells may
be erythrophagocytic or contain heme‐breakdown.
pigments
Differentiation of mesothelioma from carcinoma or even
florid mesothelial hyperplasia is difficult with cytology
alone Useful cytomorphologic
criteria in human mesothelioma cases
include the presence of microvesicles in the cytoplasm,
dense cytoplasm, and angulated cell shape. W międzybłoniaku połączenia lepiej widoczne w raku ścisłe |
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Term
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Definition
Rak - płyn
Note the enormous size
of the neoplastic cells relative to the
neutrophil and red blood cells.
1.Carcinoma cells exfoliate in large numbers, often in a papillary or acinar arrangement.
2. Cells are mostly round, with variable cytoplasm volume that may contain abundant secretory material.
3. Nuclei often display the greatest pleomorphism, with multinucleation, anisokaryosis (both within and between cells), mitotic figures, and multiple large basophilic nucleoli being common criteria of malignancy |
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Term
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Definition
Chłoniak - płyn
1.Effusions resulting from lymphoma are linked with large-cell, high-grade disease.
2. The neoplastic cells are large, with a nuclear diameter that exceeds that of two red blood cells and with finely stippled or reticulated chromatin.
3. Nucleoli may be variably prominent. The cells have small to moderate volumes of deep-blue cytoplasm that may contain fine, clear vacuoles
4. Lymphoma can sometimes resemble histiocytic sarcoma |
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Term
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Definition
Rak - płyn
There is a bizarre mitotic
figure and marked anisocytosis/
anisokaryosis.
1.Carcinoma cells exfoliate in large numbers, often in a papillary or acinar arrangement.
2. Cells are mostly round, with variable cytoplasm volume that may contain abundant secretory material.
3. Nuclei often display the greatest pleomorphism, with multinucleation, anisokaryosis (both within and between cells), mitotic figures, and multiple large basophilic nucleoli being common criteria of malignancy |
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Term
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Definition
Rak - płyn
Note the multinucleated
cells with anisokaryosis and nuclear
fragmentation.
1.Carcinoma cells exfoliate in large numbers, often in a papillary or acinar arrangement.
2. Cells are mostly round, with variable cytoplasm volume that may contain abundant secretory material.
3. Nuclei often display the greatest pleomorphism, with multinucleation, anisokaryosis (both within and between cells), mitotic figures, and multiple large basophilic nucleoli being common criteria of malignancy |
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Term
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Definition
1. Histiocytic sarcoma may exfoliate into body cavities and appear as round, individualized cells.
2. Nuclei are ovoid to amoeboid and frequently have irregular or festooning borders.
3. Binucleation or multinucleation may be seen, and mitotic figures are common.
4. Cells have a variable volume of medium-blue cytoplasm that often contains clear vacuoles |
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