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CV risk factors
CV risk factors
59
Anatomy
Graduate
05/23/2012

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Cards

Term
what is the number one cause of death in the US
Definition
cardiovascular disease
Term
what has enabled us to make some progress with some cardiovascular disease
Definition
technology: EKG to determine if you're having a heart attack, CT scan to see ischemic areas of heart, blood tests to tell if you're having a heart attack; treatments like bypasses, stints, balloons of coronary arteries; ventricular assist pumps; drugs - blood thinners
Term
have we made as much progress in pulmonary disease as in cardiovascular disease
Definition
no, but lung disease isn't as common
Term
what are 3 non-modifiable CV risk factors
Definition
family history, age, gender
Term
what are 6 modifiable CV risk factors
Definition
smoking, diabetes, lipids, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, blood pressure
Term
when is family history a risk factor for CV disease
Definition
CAD/MI in first generation relative
Term
what defines a first generation relative
Definition
parent or sibling if female <65 or male <55
Term
what is the age of 82% of people who die from MI
Definition
>65 y
Term
are older men or older women more likely to die within a few weeks of the event
Definition
women
Term
why are women more likely to die of MI than men
Definition
women are older, they live alone, their support systems aren't as good as mens'
Term
what is the number one killer of women
Definition
heart disease
Term
are men or women more likely to have an MI
Definition
men
Term
what is the fastest gorwing smoking population
Definition
females, late teens
Term
what are risk factors for smoking
Definition
did not complete high school, poverty, race = american indian, male
Term
what state has the highest smoking rate
Definition
west virginia
Term
what patients should be encouraged to quit smoking
Definition
all patients who smoke should be encouraged to quit smoking
Term
what are the 5 A's of smoking cessation
Definition
Ask if smoking. Advise to quit. Assess willingness to quit. Assist with quitting. Arrange follow-up.
Term
what are the 5 R's of motivating a patient to quit smoking
Definition
Relevance to the medical condition. Risks of smoking. Rewards of quitting. Road blocks to quitting. Repetition of reasons to quit.
Term
what happens 20 minutes after you quit smoking
Definition
resting and exercise heart rate drops
Term
what happens 12 hrs after you quit smoking
Definition
carbon monoxide level in the blood drops to normal
Term
why is it bad to have carbon monoxide in the blood
Definition
carbon monoxide bonds with red blood cells. Red blood cells then carry carbon monoxide instead of oxygen.
Term
what happens 2 weeks - 3 months after you quit smoking
Definition
risk of MI begins to drop and lung function begins to improve
Term
what happens 1-9 months after you quit smoking
Definition
coughing and shortness of breath decrease
Term
what happens one year after you quit smoking
Definition
risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker
Term
what happens 5-15 years after you quit smoking
Definition
stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker
Term
what happens 10 years after you quit smoking
Definition
lung cancer death rate is reduced to about half that of a nonsmoker, risk of cancers of mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decreases
Term
what happens 15 years after you stop smoking
Definition
risk of coronary heart idsease is back to that of a nonsmoker
Term
what is a good resource to quit smoking
Definition
NC tobacco use quitline = 1800 QUIT NOW
Term
what is cholesterol important for in the body
Definition
cell membrane structure and enzymatic activity
Term
why does cholesterol increase risk for CV disease
Definition
result of cholesterol's function as fatty acid or lipid transporter
Term
what does LDL stand fo
Definition
low density lipoprotein
Term
what does HDL stand for
Definition
high density lipoprotein
Term
what does LDL do
Definition
delivers lipids to tissues; these lipids can collect on atherosclerotic lesions in arteries
Term
what does HDL do
Definition
delivers lipids from tissues to liver
Term
what is the primary site of lipid elimination
Definition
liver
Term
what HDL level is protective against heart disease
Definition
>60mg/dL
Term
how can you increase HDL
Definition
exercise, cholesterol drugs
Term
how can you increase LDL
Definition
saturated fats, trans fats
Term
what are triglycerides
Definition
the most common type of fat in the body
Term
what are normal values of triglycerides
Definition
vary, but <150mg/dL
Term
what influences triglycerides
Definition
diet, alcohol
Term
what percentage of Americans have elevated serum cholesterol
Definition
19.00000%
Term
what populations have a greater prevalence of high serum cholesterol
Definition
caucasian women, african american women, caucasian men, mexican americans, african american men
Term
what is the ideal serum cholesterol level
Definition
<200mg/dL
Term
how many years of life are lost by an extremely-obese, non-smoking, 40 year old white man
Definition
9
Term
how many years of life are lost by an extremely-obese, non-smoking, 40 year old white woman
Definition
7
Term
how many years of life are lost by an extremely-obese, non-smoking, 40 year old black mab
Definition
8
Term
how many years of life are lost by an extremely-obese, non-smoking, 40 year old black woman
Definition
5
Term
is blood pressure listed as systolic over diastolic or diastolic over systolic
Definition
systolic over diastolic
Term
what is a prehypertension bp
Definition
120-139/80-89 (either the high systolic OR the high diastolic)
Term
what is stage 1 blood pressure
Definition
140-159/90-99 (either the high systolic OR the high diastolic)
Term
what is stage 2 blood pressure
Definition
160 or higher/100 or higher (either the high systolic OR the high diastolic)
Term
how to modify blood pressure
Definition
diet, exercise, quit smoking, improve depression/anxiety, reduce saturated fat, bp drugs
Term
what is the problem with high blood pressure (what does it do)?
Definition
elevated bp causes mechanical damage to vascular endothelium and facilitates atherogenic process, causing increased thrombus and plaque formation.
Term
what is the silent killer
Definition
high bp. Patient feels no symptoms
Term
how common is high bp in america
Definition
23% of americans have high bp
Term
is high bp greater in blacks or whites
Definition
blacks
Term
is high bp greater in men or women
Definition
men
Term
is high bp greater as we age
Definition
yes
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