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cscc exam 4 bio 261
thorax, abdomen and pelvis written exam
74
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
08/23/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

What are the five areas of the thorax?

Definition

 

2 pulmonary, 1 pericardial, and

Two mediastinal – superior and posterior.

Term

 

Identify the boundaries of the 

Pleural

 thoracic cavitiy.

Definition
lungs
Term
identify the boundary of the periocardial throacic cavity 
Definition
heart<3
Term
 Identify the boundary of the mediastinal thoracic cavity
Definition

 

Sup. – sup. thoracic aperture (SVC, arch of aorta, brachiocephalic veins,

Term

 

Identify the bones and their markings plus the cartilages that make-up the bony thorax

Definition

 

prs. Ribs + cartilage; Typical rib

Term
identify the boundaries of the inlet(superior) of thorax
Definition

 

T1 vert., 1st pair ribs and costal cartilage Sup. border of manubrium.

Term
identify the boundary of the outlet of the thorax
Definition
T12 vert., 11th and 12th pairs ribs., costal cart.
ribs 7 – 10, and ant. xiphisternal joint
Term
identify the boundary of the mediastinum of the thorax
Definition

 

central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Divided into an anterior, superior, middle, posterior.

Term

 

The xiphoid process is a midline marker for what structure(s)?

Definition
diaphragm
Term

 

 

What is a sentinel lymph node? What is its significance in breast cancer?

Definition

 

The first lymph node in a lymphatic chain plus the first lymph node to

test positive for cancer cells.

 

Term

 

Identify the subdivisions of the bronchial tree?

Definition

 

Right and Left

main bronchus (primary) - 2nd bronchi (lobar) – (secondary) 2 on left

side, 3 on right side to lobes lobar branches 3rd (segmental) bronchi.

Term
What is auscultation?
Definition
listening to breath sounds
Term
where is the primary location of the gaseous exchange in the lungs?
Definition
alveoli
Term
The mammory gland is classified as what type of gland?
Definition
modified sweat gland
Term
identify the vessels that form the coronary circulation
Definition
right and left coronary
Term
capilary beds connect_and _
Definition

 

venules and arterioles

Term

 

When numbering the ribs what is the first landmark to identify before you start counting?

Definition
sternal angel
Term
What is the clinical significance of the apex of the lung?
Definition
Lies in the cupola of the pleural cavity in the neck and is easily damaged (collapsed) when the neck is damaged (knife wound).
Term
what is the purpose of the fibrous of the pericardium?
Definition
prevents overfilling of the heart
Term
the bronchial arteries arise from ?
Definition
a. On the left side – thoracic aorta
b. On the right side – variable
Term
what is the relationship of the heart ventricles to the sternum
Definition
posterior to the sternum
Term
What is the direct venous drainage of the thoracic wall?
Definition
inter-costal veins
Term
What is the importance of the anastomosis between the superior and inferior epigastric blood vessels?
Definition
If an internal (deep) vessel is blocked, blood can bypass the blockage by way of the inferior and superior epi-gastric vessels of the body wall.
Term
Where does the main thoracic lymphatic duct empty into the venous system?
Definition
Between the left subclavian vein and the left internal jugular vein.
Term
Name the endocrine organs that are found in the thorax, in the abdomen, and in the pelvis.
Definition
breast, thymus, pancreas, adrenal, ovary, and testis.
Term
what keeps the 1st rib from being palpated?
Definition
the sternum
Term
Identify the borders and surfaces of the lungs
Definition
costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic surfaces. Borders: anterior, inferior, posterior
Term
What are the three structural layers of the heart?
Definition
Epicardium, myocardium,
and endocardium.
Term
Be able to identify the structure and list the function of each part of the conduction system of the heart.
Definition
SA node – initiates heartbeat -> AV node – in posterior region of interatrial septum -> L. & R AV bundles -> to ventricles via ->
the membranous skeleton -> ventricles.
Term
What is the difference in the origin and the function of the sympathetic
Definition
(thoracolumbar – fight or flight system and parasympathetic nervous system craniosacral – resting system.
Term
What is (are) the function of the abdominal wall muscles?
Definition
Compress and support abdominal viscera.
Term
What structure during embryonic development ran in the ligamentum teres of the liver?
Definition
Left umbilical vein
Term
The bile, stored in the gallbladder, primarily breaks down what type of food materials?
Definition
Carbohydrates, Fats, and/or Proteins
Term

 

.

Name the mesentery, which attaches from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the hilus of the liver? What three structures run in the free margin of this mesentery?

Definition

 

Lesser omentum. Hepatic a., portal v., and common bile duct.

Term
In relationship to blood vessels what does the term anastomose mean?
Definition
Two or more vessels that join together.
Term

 

Be able to give a definition of a portal system. (The body has two portal systems - hepatic and the hypophyseal)

Definition

 

Venous system. From on capillary bed to another capillary bed without an intervening arterial system.

Term
What structure attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach?
Definition
lesser omentum
Term
With blockage of the superior mesenteric artery what is the significance of the marginal artery supplying the intestines?
Definition
Blood can flow backwards when there is a blockage being able to supply all parts of the intestine.
Term
What is the clinical significance of the Z-line at the esophageal-gastric junction?
Definition
This is the point where the epithelium of the esophagus and stomach meet. In gastric reflex the acid of the stomach will eat away the lining of the esophagus causing ulceration of the esophagus.
Term
identify the costodiaphragmatic recess
Definition
between the ribs and the diaphragm
Term
identify the gastrosplenic ligament
Definition
between stomach and spleen
Term

identify the

splenorenal ligament

 

Definition
between spleen and kidney
Term
identify the hilus of the liver
Definition
where structures enter and leave the liver
Term
identify the portal vein
Definition
arises from one venous capillary bed to another venous capillary bed without an intervening arterial system.
Term
What are the three identifying characteristics of the large intestine that distinguishes it from small intestine?
Definition
Teniae coli, haustra, and omental appendices.
Term

 

What is the importance of intestinal gutters?

Definition

 

Infection travels along these peritoneal depressions (gutters)

Term
Identify the three places where the ureter is constricted.
Definition
1. junction of ureter and renal pelvis, 2. passes over the pelvic brim, and 3. enters the urinary bladder.
Term
What is the relationship of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands to the kidneys and the diaphragm?
Definition
On the superior pole of the kidney and inferior to the diaphragm.
Term
Where do the blood vessels to the suprarenal glands originate?
Definition
nf. phrenic artery, abdominal aorta, and renal artery
Term
What is the relationship of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands to the kidneys and the diaphragm?
Definition
On the superior pole of the kidney and inferior to the diaphragm.
Term
Where do the blood vessels to the suprarenal glands originate?
Definition
inf. phrenic artery, abdominal aorta, and renal artery
Term

 

What is the difference between the renal sinus and the renal pelvis?

Definition

 

Sinus contains the r. artery, r. vein and ureter.

 

Term

 

What is the relationship of the renal fascia and fat to the kidney?

 

Definition

 

fat is on the outside of the fascia

 

Term

 

Identify the main muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.

Definition

 

iliacus, quaadratus lumborum, psoas major

Term

 

Identify the three largest nerves of the lumbar plexus and in general what structures do they supply?

Definition

 

obturator, femoral, and lumboscral trunk.

Term

 

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?

Definition

 

gluteal, obturator, pudendal, vesicle.

Term

 

What is the landmark for the division of the true pelvis from the false pelvis?

Definition
pelvic brim
Term

 

Which of the male reproductive glands makes the largest contribution to semen?

 

Definition

 

Seminal vesicle

Term

 

In the male this gland can obstruct the urethra.

Definition

 

Prostate gland

Term
What structures compose the spermatic cord?
Definition
ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, dartos muscle, etc.
Term
What three layers make up the wall of the uterus?
Definition
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
Term

 

What are the bones that form the pelvic girdle?

Definition

 

right and left hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) and sacrum.

Term
What is the importance of the subpubic angle?
Definition
The angle is a landmark to identify the male from the female pelvic bone.
Term
What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
Definition
levator ani and coccygeus muscles.
Term

 

Which muscle of the pelvic floor can be torn in childbirth?

 

Definition

 

Puborectalis

Term
Where does fertilization normally take place?
Definition
Ampulla of uterine tube
Term
What is the vesicle trigone and what is its importance?
Definition
The area between the entrance of the ureters and the exit of the urethra. This area has a different epithelial lining and it is more common to find bladder cancer in this area because of its developmental origin.
Term
Be able to identify a structure in the pelvic region by a description of the surrounding anatomical structures.
Definition
EX. The pubic symphysis lies anterior to the urinary bladder.
Term
Describe the location of the urinary bladder. Identify the layers of the urinary bladder.
Definition
Layers: a. mucosa (lining – transitional epithelium),
b. submucosa (connective tissue) and c. inner and outer smooth muscle (detrusor muscle –depresses the u. bladder).
Term
What is an ectopic pregnancy? Identify the most common area(s) of the body where they can be located
Definition
Ectopic – outside of the uterus. Uterine tube most common.
Term

 

What is the arterial supply to the perineum?

 

Definition

 

Perineal artery

 

Term

 

What are hemorrhoids? What is the difference between external and internal hemorrhoids?

Definition

 

External – are blood clots in the external anal plexus. Internal – prolapse of internal rectal mucosa with blood vessels.

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