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Cross Sectional Anatomy
Head/Brain
73
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/13/2010

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Cards

Term
Anterior commissure
Definition
between temporal and frontal lobes, below the inferior end of the fornix

forms part of the anterior wall of the third ventricle
Term
Anterior horn of the lateral ventricles
Definition
found within the frontal lobe; the roof is formed by the corpus callosum, the floor and lateral wall are formed by the head of the caudate nucleus, and the medial wall is formed b the septum pellucidum
Term
Body of the lateral ventricles
Definition
within the parietal lobe; the roof is formed by the corpus callosum and the medial wall is formed by the septum pellucidum, the floor is formed by the body of the caudate and the thalamus
Term
Caudate nucleus
Definition
C-shaped gray matter following the curve of the lateral ventricle

Head: enlarged part that bulges into the horn of the lateral ventricle

Body: central portion anterior to the collateral trigone of the lateral ventricle

Tail: tapered part in the roof of the inferior horn of the lateral venricle
Term
Central sulcus
Definition
divides the frontal and parietal lobes
Term
Cerebral aqueduct
Definition
opening between the cerebral peduncles and the quadrigeminal plate, within the posterior part of the midbrain, transmitting CSF from the lateral and third ventricles to the fourth ventricle
Term
Cerebral peduncles
Definition
on the anterior portion of the midbrain
Term
Cisterna magna
Definition
enlarged region of subarachnoid space located posterior to the medulla oblongata between the cerebellum and the occipital bone
Term
Claustrum
Definition
sheet of gray matter bounded medially by the external capsule and the extreme capsule laterally
Term
Clivus
Definition
between the dorsum sellae and the foramen magnum

upper part, formed by the sphenoid bone, is just posterior to the dorsum sellae

lower part, formed byt the basilar part of the occipital bone, extends to the foramen magnum
Term
Collateral trigone
Definition
the triangle shaped regions of the lateral ventricles that join the body, posterior horn, and inferior horn
Term
Corona radiata
Definition
crown of white matter above the nuclei; above the thalamus and basal ganglia
Term
Corpus callosum
Definition
white matter connecting the cerebral hemispheres

Genu: anterior part
Body: middle part
Splenium: posterior and thicker part
transmit impulses from a gyrus on one side to the corresponding gyrus on the opposite side
Term
Cribriform plate
Definition
section of ethmoid

forms part of the floor midline in the anterior cranial cavity
Term
Crista galli
Definition
triangular process projecting upward from the cribriform plate

provides attachment for the falx cerebri
Term
Dorsum sellae
Definition
posterior boundary of the sella turcica

contains the posterior clinoid processes and the upper part of the clivus
Term
Ethmoid bone
Definition
bone between orbits
Term
External auditory meatus
Definition
within the temporal bone

forms a canal to reach the middle ear
Term
External capsule
Definition
thin layer of white matter between the putamen and the claustrum

its fibers are dev=rived from the insula
Term
Extreme capsule
Definition
thin layer of white matter between the claustrum and insula
Term
Falx cerebelli
Definition
separates cerebellar hemispheres
Term
Falx cerebri
Definition
separates cerebral hemispheres; ends just above the corpus callosum

attaches anteriorly to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone
Term
Fornix
Definition
the arched columns under the splenium of the corpus callosum

forms the roof of the third ventricle
Term
Fourth ventricle
Definition
rests on the pons and medulla oblongata; the apex extends toward the cerebellum; receives CSF from the cerebral aqueduct
Term
Globus pallidus
Definition
medial lenticular nuclei located next to the internal capsule
Term
Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
Definition
lateral and inferior to the sella turcica

form part of the floor of the cranial cavity and part of the lateral cranial walls
Term
Hippocampal formation
Definition
deep within temporal lobe, extends upward into the floor of the lateral ventricle
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
forms floor and part of the lateral walls of the third ventricle

nucleus includes the mammillary body and is protected by the upper part of the sphenoid bone
Term
Inferior (or lateral) horn of the lateral ventricles
Definition
near the center of the temporal lobe, it is lateral to all the other ventricular structures
Term
Inferior sagittal sinus
Definition
sinus within the lower margin of the falx cerebri
Term
Infundibulum
Definition
the stalk connecting the pituitary to the hypothalamus
Term
Insula (aka inner lobe)
Definition
deep within the Sylvian (lateral) fissure

separated medially from the claustrum by the extreme capsule
Term
Internal capsule
Definition
separates the thalamus from the basal ganglia (globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate)
Term
Interventricular foramen
Definition
small openings that join the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle
Term
Lateral ventricles
Definition
c-shaped cavity with a horn radiating from the posterior part of the curve; linings of cavities form the choroid plexus where CSF is produced
Term
Lenticular nuclei
Definition
lateral to the internal capsule and the thalamus; consists of the globus pallidus and the putamen
Term
Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
Definition
anterior and superior to the sella turcica

forms part of the bony orbit
Term
Mandible
Definition
only movable bone in the skull

largest and strongest facial bone

Ramus: vertical projection

Body: horizontal projection containing the teeth
Term
Mastoid sinuses
Definition
within the mastoid processes of the temporal bones continuous with the inner ear

posterior and inferior to the EAM
Term
Maxilla
Definition
forms upper part of the mouth and the anterior hard palate

articulates with every bone in the face except the mandible
Term
Medulla oblongata
Definition
forms lower brain stem; communicates between the spinal cord and the brain
Term
Midbrain
Definition
connects cerebrum with the cerebellum and spinal cord

contains cerebral peduncles, red nucleus, substantia nigra, and quadrigeminal plate
Term
Occipital bone
Definition
forms the posterior part of the cranium

contains the foramen magnum
Term
Orbital plate
Definition
part of the frontal bone that forms the roof of the orbital cavities
Term
Palatines
Definition
form posterior part of the hard palate

L shaped so they also form part of the lateral walls and floor of the nasal cavity
Term
Parietals
Definition
form much of the lateral walls and roof of the cranial cavity
Term
Pedunculi
Definition
bundle of nerves traveling between the brainstem and the cerebellum
Term
Perpendicular plate
Definition
part of ethmoid below the cribriform plate

joins with the vomer and septal cartilage to separate nasal cavity into right and left parts
Term
Pineal body
Definition
endocrine gland attached to the roof of the third ventricle

below the splenium of the corpus callosum
Term
Pituitary
Definition
endocrine gland located within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum
Term
Pons
Definition
anterior to the cerebellum

inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata
Term
Posterior commissure
Definition
forms posterior wall of the third ventricle
Term
Posterior horn of the lateral ventricles
Definition
found within the occipital lobe; the roof and lateral walls are formed by fibers extending into the corpus callosum
Term
Putamen
Definition
lateral lenticular nuclei, found next to the globus pallidus and medial to the external capsule
Term
Quadrigeminal plate (aka corpora quadrigemina)
Definition
posterior portion of the midbrain, behind the cerebral aqueduct
Term
Red nucleus
Definition
below the thalamus in the superior part of the cerebral peduncles
Term
Septum pellucidum
Definition
double-layered membrane between the fornix and the corpus callosum

separates the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles
Term
Sigmoid sinuses
Definition
sinuses that curve through the petrous parts of the temporal bones; drains into the internal jugular veins
Term
Sphenoid
Definition
within floor of the cranial cavity

called the keystone because it articulates with all the other cranial bones
Term
Sphenoid sinuses
Definition
inferior to the sella turcica
Term
Stick man Willis
Definition
his legs are the vertebral arteries, his trunk is the basilar artery, his arms are the osterior cerebral arteries, and his head is formed by the circle of Willis
Term
Straight sinus
Definition
sinus at the juncture of the falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, and tenorium cerebelli; it extends posteriorly to empty into the confluence of sinuses
Term
Substantia nigra
Definition
deeply pigmented gray matter lining much of the posterior surface of the cerebral peduncles
Term
Superior Sagittal sinus
Definition
sinus within upper margin of the falx cerebi
Term
Superior cistern
Definition
enlarged region of subarachnoid space above the cerebellum, below the tentorium cerebelli, posterior to the midbrain, the opening is near the cerebral aqueduct
Term
Sylvian fissure (aka lateral sulcus)
Definition
deeper than the sulci, it divides the temporal and frontal lobes
Term
Tentorium cerebelli
Definition
extends horizontally separating the cerebrum and the cerebellum

posteriorly extends to the juncture of the falx cerebri and falx cerebelli
Term
Thalamus
Definition
forms the lateral walls of the third ventricle
Term
Third ventricle
Definition
a small, narrow opening found near the median sagittal plane between the thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei; CSF produced in the lateral ventricles drains here
Term
Transverse sinuses
Definition
sinuses within the posterior margin of the tentorium cerebelli, they extend laterally on either side
Term
Vein of Galen
Definition
vein located below the splenium of the corpus callosum, it drains the internal cerebral hemispheres into the straight sinus
Term
Vermis
Definition
constricted region joining cerebellar hemispheres
Term
Vomer
Definition
posterior part of the nasal septum

extends from hard palate; articulates with perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
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