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Cranial Nerves Function/Foramen/Other important facts
A set to learn important facts about the cranial nerves
50
Anatomy
Professional
12/01/2014

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Cards

Term
CN I Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Olfactory Nerve
Sensory
Term
CN II Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Optic Nerve
Sensory
Term
CN III Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Oculomotor Nerve
Motor
Term
CN IV Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Trochlear Nerve
Motor
Term
CN V Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Trigeminal Nerve
Mixed
Term
CN VI Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Abducens Nerve
Motor
Term
CN VII Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Facial Nerve
Mixed
Term
CN VIII Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Sensory
Term
CN IX Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Mixed
Term
CN X Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Vagus Nerve
Mixed
Term
CN XI Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Accessory Nerve
Motor
Term
CN XII Name and function (Sensory/Motor/Mixed)
Definition
Hypoglossal Nerve
Motor
Term
The fibers of CN I pass through what?
Definition
Cribaform plate of ethmoid bone
Term
Synapse point of CN I?
Definition
Olfactory bulbs
Term
Cells that myelinate CN II?
Definition
Oligodendracytes
Term
Entry point for CN II?
Definition
Optic Foramen and continuing down the optic canal.
Term
Describe the effects of different lesions of CN II
Definition
Optic nerve (between eye and optic chiasm) Loss of vision in one eye

Optic Chiasm: Half of vision in each eye (mostly peripheral)

Optic Track (Between optic chiasm and brain) One side of visual field is lost in both eyes. I.e. Loss of left visual field in BOTH eyes.
Term
Major structures innervated by CN III?
Definition
Medial Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique, Superior Rectus

Also ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillae
Term
Exit point of CN III?
Definition
Superior Orbital Fissure
Term
Nerves that pass through cavernous sinus?
Definition
CN III, IV, and VI (the nerves that move the eye)
Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens
Term
Major structures innervated by CN IV?
Definition
Superior Oblique Muscle
Term
Major branches of CN IV?
Definition
Inferior Trochlear nerve passes under trochlea

Superior Trochlear Nerve passes above trochlea
Term
Major Branches and exit points of CN V?
Definition
V1: Opthalmic
Exits by superior orbital fissure
V2: Maxillary
Exits by Foramen Rotundum
V3: Mandibular
Exits by foramen ovale
Term
Major innervated by CN V?
Definition
Sensory to face, scalp, eyeball, sinuses, anterior 2/3 of tongue
floor of mouth, nasal cavity, teeth, external ear.
Long story short: everything in head except last third of tongue

Motor to Muscles of mastication: Anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid

Also tensor typmani and tensor palatini
Term
What goes through the foramen runtundum?
Definition
Maxillary Nerve
CN V2
Term
What goes through the foramen ovale?
Definition
Mandibular Nerve
CN V3
Term
Bell's Palsy is associated with what nerve?
Definition
CN VII
Term
Major structures innervated by CN VI?
Definition
Lateral Rectus
Term
Exit point for CN VI?
Definition
Superior Orbital Fissure
Term
Entry point for CN VII?
Definition
Internal Acoustic Meatus with CN VIII
Term
Exit point for CN VII?
Definition
Stylomastoid foramen
Term
Major branches of CN VII?
Definition
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
To Zanzibar By Motor Car!
Term
Major functions of CN VII?
Definition
Motor to muscles of facial expression

Parasympathetic innervation of Sublingual and lacrimal glands

Sensory: Taste
Term
Damage to CN VII can cause what?
Definition
Drooping of facial muscles (bell's palsy)

Loss of parasympathetics to facial glands. Dry eyes, and less saliva.

Also can cause loss of taste
Term
Exit point of CN VIII?
Definition
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Term
Major branches of CN VIII?
Definition
Cochlear (hearing)

Vestibular (balance, positioning and fixation of gaze)
Term
Major exit point of CN IX?
Definition
Jugular Foramen
Term
Nerves that pass through the jugular foramen?
Definition
CN IX, X, and XI
Term
Major structures innervated by CN IX?
Definition
Sensory for tympanic Membrane, Carotid Sinus, and tympanic cavity

Motor to sylopharyngeus muscle
Term
Exit point for CN X?
Definition
Jugular Foramen
Term
Major structures innervated by CN X?
Definition
Sensory to: dura of posterior cranial fossa, concha, external acoustic meatus external surface of tympanic membrane and larynx

Motor to: muscles of soft palate and larynx.
ALSO Palatoglossus

Parasympathetic to heart, and most of gut
Term
Major branches of CN XI?
Definition
Cranial (exits via jugular foramen)

Spinal (exits via foramen magnum)
Term
Major structures innervated by CN XI?
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius
Term
Exit point of CN XII?
Definition
Hypoglossal canal
Term
Major structures innervated by CN XII?
Definition
All lingual muscles EXCEPT Palatoglossus
Term
Only cranial nerve that crosses before the brainstem?
Definition
CN IV (trochlear nerve)
Term
After sticking out your tongue, it deviates to the right. What nerve is damaged?
Definition
CN XII on the right. The tongue will point to the side of damage
Term
[image]
What nerve is damaged and how can you tell?
Definition
Hypoglossal on the left. Muscles of the tongue are paralyzed on the same side , making the tongue point in the direction of the lesion.
Term
[image]
What nerve is damaged and how can you tell?
Definition
Facial nerve on the left. Notice the drooping of the facial muscles. He has bell's palsy
Term
[image]
What nerve is damaged and how can you tell?
Definition
Abducens nerve on the left. The lateral rectus is paralyzed, so there is unopposed action by the medial rectus, pulling the eye to center.
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