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Cranial Nerves
The 12 Cranial Nerves
16
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/14/2008

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Term

Cranial Nerves

How many?

arise?

exit?

lead to? 

Definition
12 pairs of nerves that arise from the brain and exit through the skull foramina leading to muscles, glands and sense organs mostly in the head and neck
Term

Pneumonics

 

Definition

"Old Opie Occasionally Tries Trigonometry and feels very gloomy, vague, and hypoactive."

 

"Some say marry money, but my brother says bad business marry money."  

Term

Nerve Number 1

Name

Function

What does damage cause? 

Definition

Olfactory Nerve

Carries impulses of smell from olfactory receptors to olfactory bulbs of the frontal lobe

Damages causes the loss of the ability to smell

Purely sensory nerve fiber 

Term

Number 2

Function

damage  

Definition

Optic Nerve

Carries impulses from the retina to thalamus 

The optic nerves join each other in the middle cranial fossa to form the optic chiasm.

Purely sensory

Can cause severe loss of vision 

Term
Six Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye
Definition

Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus

Medial Rectus

Lateral Rectus

Superior Oblique

Inferior Oblique  

Term

Number 3

function 

Definition

Occulomotor Nerve  

This is a pure motor nerve. It provides somatic motor innervation to four of the extrinsic eye muscles: the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and the inferior oblique muscles. It also innervates the muscles of the upper eyelid and the intrinsic eye muscles (the pupillary eye muscle.) Levator palpebrae superioris, constricts pupil, focuses lens. 

Term

Number 4

Function  

Definition

Trochlear Nerve  

The trochlear nerve provides somatic motor innervation to the superior oblique eye muscle.It is also a pure motor nerve fiber.

Term

Number 5

Function

Definition
Trigeminal Nerve

The trigeminal is the largest cranial nerve . It provides sensory information from the face, forehead, nasal cavity, tongue, gums and teeth (touch, and temperature) and provides somatic motor innervation to the muscles of mastication or “chewing”.

Term
Three branches of the Trigeminal nerve
Definition
This cranial nerve has 3 branches: the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches.
Term

Number 6

Action  

Definition

Abducens Nerve

The abducens nerve carries somatic motor innervation the lateral rectus muscle. It is another pure motor nerve fiber
Term

Nerve 7

Action  

Definition

Facial Nerve

The facial nerve carries somatic motor innervation to the many muscles for facial expression

It carries sensory taste information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue

 

 

Term

Nerve 8

Function  

two branches 

Definition

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Auditory Nerve)

The vestibulocochlear nerve innervates the hair cell receptors of the inner ear. It carries vestibular information to the brain providing the sense of balance. It also carries information from the cochlea providing the sense of hearing. This cranial nerve branches into the Vestibular branch (balance) and the cochlear branch (hearing). It is pure sensory nerve fiber.
Term

Nerve 9

Function

 

Definition

The glossopharyngeal nerve

innervates the pharynx, the soft palate and the posterior one-third of the tongue.

It carries sensory information (touch, temperature, and pressure) from the pharynx and soft palate.

It carries taste sensation from the taste buds on the posterior one third of the tongue. It provides somatic motor innervation to the throat muscles involved in swallowing. It provides visceral motor innervation to the salivary glands.

Term

Nerve 10

Function  

Definition

Vagus Nerve

Parasympathetic motor impulses to smooth muscle cells

Carries sensory impulses to the brain from organs 

Term

Nerve 11

Function 

Definition

(spinal) Accessory Nerve

Carries motor impulses to the pharynx (swallowing)

2 neck muscles: sternocleidomastoid, and the trapezius 

Term

Nerve 12

Function 

Definition

Hypoglossal Nerve

Innervates the muscles of the tongue

allows for speaking and swallowing 

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