Numbered from I to XII

Can be sensory, motor, or both

Sensory cells have ganglia in periphery

Some special sense receptors have unique receptor cells that synapse into a "sensory nerve" fiber

Olfactory Nerve - sensory only

Olfactory receptors pass their axons through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid into olfactory bulb

Olfactory tract runs from the olfactory bulb into cortex

Optic Nerves

To cortex - sensory only

Arise from retina and pass through optic foramina to cortex.

Oculomotor Nerve

Motor fibers from midbrain (with some proprioception)

Motorneurons to 4 of 6 eye muscles and eyelids

Second part of nerve contains autonomic nervous system neurons - controls iris diameter

Trochlear Nerve

Motor neurons from midbrain (with proprioception)

Neurons to 5th eye muscle - superior oblique

Trigeminal Nerve

Mixed Function - motor from and sensory to pons

Opthalmic division: sensory inputs from eye (non-retinal), tear glad, anterior scalp and forehead, and upper eye lid

Maxillary Division: sensory from upper teeth, upper gums, upper lip, facial, oral mucous linings

Mandibular Division - motor and sensory

Sensory - from scalp posterior to ear, jaw skin, lower teeth, lower gums, lower lip.

Motor - to chewing muscles (masseter and temporalis)

Abducens nerve

Motor neurons arise in pons near medulla

Motor for 6th eye muscle - lateral rectus

Some proprioception

Fascial Nerve

Motor neruons arise in pons

Sensory - taste detected in anterior 2/3 of tongue

Motor - to fascial muscles

ANS - tear glands and submandibular -sublingual salivary glands (cotton mouth glands)

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (acoustic auditory)

Outputs to medulla

Vestibular branch - from semicircular canals and utricle/saccule - sense of balance

Cochlear branch - sensory from cochlear - sound

Glassopharyngeal nerve

Mixed function nerve

Motor and sensory neurons go to medulla

Sensory - tonsils, pharynx, posterior 1/3 tongue

Motor - wall of pharynx = swallowing

Vagus Nerve

Motor neurons from and sensory neurons go to medulla

Motor - to larynx (speech and swallows)

Sensory - from pharynx, larynx, esophagus

Sensory - from abdominal and thoracic viscera

Vagus nerve is the key autonomic nervous system signal to glands and visceral of thoracic and abdomen

Accesory

Motor neurons arise in medulla and spinal cord

Motor with some proprioception

So both cranial and spinal elements

Cranial branch - joins vagus to soft palate, pharyns, larynx

Spinal branch - into neck and runs trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Hypoglossal Nerve

Motor neurons arise in medulla

Motor output to tongue with some proprioception.