Shared Flashcard Set

Details

cranial nerves
9/10/09
107
Anatomy
Graduate
10/04/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Pure motor nerves
Definition
occulomotor
trochlear
abducen
hypoglossal
Term
2 nerves of volitional system
Definition
1) cortex
2) cranial nerve nuclei
Term
sensory and motor nuclei in brainstem devlop in what region?
Definition
motor (basilar)- midline
sensory (alar)- lateral
Term
nevres that control extraoccular muscles of the eye
Definition
occulomotor
trochlear
abducen
Term
controls the movement of the tongue
Definition
hypoglossal
Term
functional components of occulomotor
Definition
GSE, GVE
Term
GSE of occulomotor innervates?
Definition
extraoccular muscles:
levator palpebri
superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
inferior oblique (up and out)
Term
GVE of occulomotor innervates?
Definition
papillary sphincter- constricts pupil
ciliary muscles- changes shape of lens
Term
which nerves have a parasympathetic GVE componenet?
Definition
III, VII, IX, X
Term
what nucleus gives rise to GVE component of occulomotor
Definition
Edinger Westphil Nucleus
Term
postganglionic fibers of EW nucleus go to?
Definition
ciliary ganglion
Term
odd behavior of ciliary muscle?
Definition
when relaxed- lens elongates for distant viaion
when contracts- rounds up for near vision
Term
2 nucleus associated with occulomotor
Definition
occulomotor nuscleus- SVE
EW nucleus- GVE
Term
Where is occulomotor located?
EW nuclues?
Definition
superior colliculus
ventral edge of periaqueductal gray in the rostral midbrain

EW- right next to occulomotor fibers join and exit in interpeduncular fossa
Term
columns of subnuclei project where?
Definition
levator palpebrae- innervates both muscles on both sides

superior rectus- colum prjects contralateral eeye

medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus- column projects ipsilaterlly
Term
lesions of occulomotor would cause what kinds of problems
Definition
Ptosis
Lateral subrismus
Diplopia
Mydrasis
impaired vertical movements
Term
ptosis
Definition
"drooping eyelid"
levator palpebrae paralyzed
Term
lateral subismus
Definition
lazy eye- eye will not move laterally because lateral rectus is not effected
Term
mydrasis
Definition
difficulty focusing eye- papillary sphincter and ciliary muscles not functioning properly
Term
diagnositc test done on pt to test occulomotor nucleus
Definition
papillary light relfex- shine light into eye, both pupils should constrict- consentual light relfex
Term
pathway of occulomotor nucleus
Definition
UMN cortex > cross midline> occulomotor nucleus > extraoccular muscles

crossed pathway
Term
pathway od EW nucleus
Definition
UMN cortex > cross midline> EW nucleus > ciliary ganglian > papillary sphincter and ciliary muscle

crossed system
Term
borders of occulomotor nucleus
Definition
medially- EW nucleus
laterally and inferiorly - MLF
Term
Trochlear nerve functional components
Definition
GSE
Term
Trochlear innervates?
Definition
Superior oblique
Term
lesion of trochlear
Definition
eye will go up and in
Term
movement of superior oblique
Definition
down and out
Term
location of trochlear
Definition
caudall midbrain (below occulomotor) at level of inferior colliculus
Term
what is unique about trochlear nerve pathway
Definition
only cranial nerve the exits on the posterior side of brainstem
Term
pathway of trochlear nerve
Definition
UMN cortex > cross midline> trochlear nucleus >cross midline > superior oblique

double crossed system
Term
functional components of abducen
Definition
GSE
Term
two bundles of fibers medial to abducen nucleus
Definition
1) most medial- MLF
2) between MLF and nucleus- facial nerve fibers
Term
facial nerves wraps around abducen is referred to as? what does it create?
Definition
internal genu of facial nerve, it creates a bulge referred to as facial colliculus in the floor of the 4th ventricle
Term
Abducen innervates
Definition
lateral rectus
Term
Lesions of Abducen nerve
Definition
Medial Strabisumus- cannot move affected eye from adduction past midposition
Term
lesion of abducen nuclei
Definition
same deficit:
ipsilateral caanot abduct eye past midposition
contralateral- cannot adduct eye past midposition
Term
how occulomotor, trochlear, and abducen work together
Definition
abducen nerve contains lateral rectus neurons and internuclear neurons
Term
pathway of internucler neurons of abducen nerve
Definition
ascend through MLF

internuclear neurons >cross midline at level of abducen nucleus > join MLF > ascend to occulomotor nucleus > synapse on medial rectus motor neurons
Term
what would happen if you broke interconnection
Definition
opthalmaplegia- eye is wandering and not coordinated
Term
what would happen if you broke interconnection
Definition
opthalmaplegia- eye is wandering and not coordinated
Term
pathway od abducen
Definition
UMN in cortex > cross midline > abducen nucleus > lateral rectus muscle
Term
Hypoglossal functional components
Definition
GSE
Term
hypoglossal innervates?
Definition
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
3 of 4 of extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Term
intrinsic tongue muscles
Definition
superior and inferior longitudinal (moves tip up and down, runs lenght of tongue)

vertical muscle (flattens and depresses, goes up and down in the tongue)

horizontal muscle (narros and lengthens, across tongue)
Term
extrinsic tongue muscles innervate by hypoglossal
Definition
hyoglossus (depresses and retracts, makes dorsum convex)

styloglossus (retraction and elevation)

genuglossus (inf- protrude, middlie- depress, superior- tip back and down)
Term
location of hypoglossal nucleus
Definition
caudal to rostral medulla, adjacent to midline beneath 4th ventricle.
Term
fibers of hypoglossal emerge where
Definition
ventrally between pyramid and olive
Term
hypoglossal trigone
Definition
elevation formed beneath 4th ventricle adjacent to midlin3
Term
pathway of hypoglossal
Definition
UMN cortex > cross midline > hypoglossal nucleus > intrinsic/extrinsic muscles of tongue

crossed system
Term
unilateral lesion of hypoglossal
Definition
weakness on one side of tongue, will deviate towards effected ide when protruded
Term
unilateral lesion of hypoglossal
Definition
weakness on one side of tongue, will deviate towards effected ide when protruded
Term
bilateral lesion of hypoglossal
Definition
difficulty eating and speaking
Term
mixed nerves
Definition
V-trigeminal

VII- facial

IX- glossopharyngeal

X- Vagus

XII- Spinal accesory
Term
functional components of trigeminal
Definition
SVE GSA
Term
Trigeminal GSA
Definition
great sensory nerve of the head (PITT, STVP)

derived from somites
Term
which branch is trigiminal derived from
Definition
brachial arch 1
Term
Motor (SVE) innervations of trigeminal
Definition
muscles of mastication: masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid

tensor tympani ( tightens tympanic membrane and helps control sound)

tensor vali palentine (muscle in soft palate)
Term
3 sensory nuclei
Definition
mesenphalic, chief sensory, spinal nuclei
Term
location of sensory trigeminal nuclei (GSA)
Definition
mesencephalic (midbrain)
cheif sensory (pons)- lateral to motor nucleus
spinal (medulla)
Term
level of mesencephalic in the midbrain
Definition
next to inferior colliculi
Term
pathway of motor nuclei of trigeminal
Definition
UMN cortex > cross midline > trigiminal motor nuclei > muscles of masticstion/ tensor tympani, and tensor veli palentine
Term
lesion of trigeminal
Definition
sensation of half the face
difficulty hearing
voice would be course (soft palate helps shape mouth to shape sounds)
difficulty swallowing (soft palate helps create bolus of foos
Term
peripheral components of trigeminal (GSA)
Definition
V1- opthalmic
V2- maxillary
V3- mandibular
Term
axons that exit pons laterally
Definition
V, VII, VI
Term
GSA Pathway of trigeminal
Definition
sensory receptor > trigeminal ganglia >one of the trigeminal nuclei > cross the midline > VPM > sesnory cortex of pstcentral gyrus

crossed system
2nd order neuron crosses the midline
divergin circuit
Term
mesencephalic nucleus receives sensory information from?
Definition
occulomotor, trochear, abducen
Term
what other nucleus will you find at the same level as chief sensory nuclei
Definition
abducens and facial fibers (facial colliculus)
Term
Spinal nucleus carries sensory information from which nerves?
Definition
facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
Term
Functional components of facial nerve
Definition
GVE, SVE, GVA/SVA, GSA
Term
GSA sensation of facial nerve receives what type of sensory informtation?
Definition
sensation from skin of concha of the small auricle and from small patch of skin behind ear (middle ear infection, outside of ear hurts)
Term
GVA/SVA sensory information of facial nerve
Definition
works together to carry taste of anterior 2/3 or tongue (runs inside tymapnic membrane in chord of tympani
Term
SVE innervation of facial nerve
Definition
muscles of facial expression
stapedius
posteior belly if digastrics
stylohyoid
Term
GVE innervation of facial nerve
Definition
lacrimal gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
mucous membrane of nasopharynx, hard and soft palate
Term
lesions of facial nerve
Definition
loss of facial expression on one side
no tearing
hypocustis
difficulty swallowing from lack of saliva
Term
hypocustis
Definition
loud sounds hurt
Term
difference between UMN damage and LMN damage of facial nerve
Definition
UMN- (innervates upper portion of face bilaterally and lower portion contralaterally) damage will cause weakness in lower face contralaterally

LMN- projects ipsilaterally, damage causes weakness of entire face ipsilaterally
Term
location of SVE nuclei of facial nerve
Definition
caudal pons through internal genu of facial nerve
Term
SVE pathway of facial nerve
Definition
motor areas of cerebellum > crosses midline > facial nucleus > muscles of facial expression, stapedius, post belly of digastrics, stylohyoid
Term
GVE pathways of facial nerve
Definition
Motor area of cortex > hypothalmic autonomic fibers cross the midline > superior salvitory nucleus > sphenopalentine nucleus/ submandibular nucleus > lacrimal gland/ submandibular/ sublingual gland
Term
GSA pathway for facial nerve
Definition
snesory receptors near the ear > spinal nucleus of trigeminal nucleus > cross the midline> VPM > sensory cortex
Term
GVA/SVA pathway of facial nerve
Definition
taste from ant 2/3 > soliatry nucleus > PBN (parabrachial nucleus) > VPM > sensory cortex
Term
where will we find facial nerve imbedded in?
Definition
parotid gland
Term
Functional components of glossopharyngeal
Definition
GVE, SVE, GVA/SVA, GSA
Term
SVE of gloosopharyngeal nerve innervates
Definition
stylopharyngeal muscle (elevates the larynx during swallowing) arches in back of mouth
Term
nucleus associated with SVE of glossopharyngeal nerve
Definition
nucleus ambiguous
Term
location of nucleus ambiguous
Definition
ventrolateral medulla, dorsal to and roughly coextensive with inferior olivary nucleus
Term
GVE innervation of glossopharyngela nerve
Definition
parotid gland
Term
nucleus associated with GVE of glosspharyngeal
Definition
inferior salvitory nucleus
Term
SVA/ GVA innervation of glossopharyngeal
Definition
posterior 1/3 of tongue
Term
GSA innervation of IX
Definition
skin of external ear, internal surface of tympanic membrane, upper pharynx, posterior 1/3 tongue
Term
lesion of IX
Definition
difficulty swallowing (gag reflex)
Term
SVE pathway of IX
Definition
motor area of cerrebellum > cross the midline > nucleus ambiguous > stylopharyngeal
Term
GVE pathway of IX
Definition
motor area > cross the midline > inferior salviotry nucleus > otic ganglion > protid gland
Term
SVA/ GVA pathway of IX
Definition
sensory receptors > solitary nuclei > PBN > VPM > cortex
Term
GSA pathway of IX
Definition
sensory receptor > spinal nucleus of V > cross the midline > VPM > sensory cortex
Term
functional compnents of vagus nerve
Definition
GVE, SVE, GSA, GVA/SVA
Term
innervation of SVE of X
Definition
voluntary muscles of pharynx, one extrinsic muscle
Term
GVE of X
Definition
parasympathetic of visceral from left cholic flexur up
Term
GSA innervation of X
Definition
sensory information from back of ear, external acoustis meadus, parts of external surface of tympanic membarne, and pharynx
Term
Vagus GSA pathway
Definition
sesnory information > spinal nucleus of V > cross the midline > VPM > sensory cortex
Term
SVE pathway for vagus
Definition
motor cortex > cross the midline > nucleus ambiguous > constricot muscles of pharynx/ esophogus, larynx
Term
GVE pathway from Vagus
Definition
Motor cortex > hypothalmic autonomic pathway > dorsal motor nuclei > enteric ganglia >thoeracic/abdomen viscera
Term
solitary nucleus tract
Definition
VII, IX, X

sits right next to hypoglossal nucleus in medulla
Term
GVE nucleus
Definition
dorsal motor nucleus
lateral to hypoglossal nuclrus (vagal trigone)
Term
spinal accessory functional components
Definition
SVE -cranial
GSE- spinal portion
Term
Spinal accesory spinal portion innervation? cranial portion?
Definition
traps and SCM

muscles of larynx and pharynx
Term
cranial portion nucleus
Definition
nucleus ambiguous
Supporting users have an ad free experience!