Term
| Name the 12 cranial nerves, and whether they are sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
1. Olfactory - S
2. Optic - S
3. Oculomotor - M
4. Trochlear - M
5. Trigeminal - B
6. Abducens - M
7. Facial - B
8. Vestibulocochlear (acoustic) - S
9. Glossopharyngeal - B
10. Vagus - B
11. Spinal accessory - M
12. Hypoglossal - M |
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Term
| Which what sensory CN's do not synapse at the brainstem? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of CN I? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathway of this nerve? |
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Definition
| A small group of neurons originates in the olfactory mucosa, and penetrate the holes of the cribiform plate to enter the olfactory bulb. These small nerves synapse in the bulb, and the secondary nerves form the olfactory nerves |
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Term
| Where does CN I go back to? |
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Definition
| The Rhinencephalon (olfactory cortex) |
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Term
| What is the function of CN II? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathway of this nerve? |
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Definition
| Nerve fibres leave the retina, and form the optic nerves when they leave the eye. These nerves coalesce in the optic chiasm, and from here the left and right optic tracts emerge |
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Term
| What then happens to the optic tracts? |
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Definition
| They pass posteriorly and synapse in the lateral geniculate bodies of the thalamus |
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Term
| (T/F) The left optic tract carries visual information from the right visual field, and vice versa. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of CN III, IV and VI? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do each of these nerves originate? |
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Definition
III: junction of midbrain and pons
IV: junction of midbrain and pons
VI: junction of medulla and pons |
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Term
| What 4 muscles does CN III innervate? |
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Definition
- Superior, inferior and medial rectus
- Levatator palpebrae superioris |
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Term
| What muscle does CN IV innervate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscle does CN VI innervate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What movement is the superior rectus responsible for? Inferior? Lateral? Medial? |
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Definition
- Rotation upwards
- Rotation downwards
- Rotation towards the nose
- Rotation laterally |
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Term
| (T/F) All 3 of these nerves share a common exit point of the skull |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The superior orbital fissure |
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Term
| What is the function of CN V? |
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Definition
| Jaw movement and facial sensation |
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Term
| Name the 4 components of CN V |
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Definition
| 1. Opthalmic 2. Maxillary 3. Mandibular 4. Motor |
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Term
| Where does the opthalamic exit? What is its function? |
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Definition
| - Superior orbital fissure - Sensation of the forehead |
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Term
| Where does the maxillary exit? What is its function? |
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Definition
- foramen rotundum
- Sensation of the cheek |
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Term
| Where does the mandibular exit? What is its function? |
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Definition
| - Foramen ovale - Sensation for the jaw, innervation of the muscles of mastication |
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Term
| Which component of the trigeminal nerve is the only component to exit the pons? What is the function of this component? What nerve carries innervation from this component to the target tissue? |
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Definition
| Motor component; innervates muscles of mastication; mandibular nerve |
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Term
| What is the function of CN VII? |
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Definition
| - Motor: Innervates the muscles of facial expression - Sensory: anterior 2/3 of tongue - PNS supply to salivary glands |
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Term
| How does it exit the skull? |
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Definition
| Via the stylomastoid foramen |
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Term
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Definition
| Exits the brainstem lateral to CN VI and passes through the internal acoustic meatus. It then travels to the middle ear and leaves via the stylomastoid foramen and fans out. |
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Term
| How many branches does CN VII fan out to after leaving the skull? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of CN VIII? |
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Definition
- Hearing
- Sense of balance |
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Term
| Where does it exit the skull? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves brainstem lateral to CN VII and enters the internal acoustic meatus |
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Term
| What is the function of CN IX? |
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Definition
| - PNS innervation of salivary glands - Motor: innervation to stylopharngeus muscle - Sensory: posterior 1/3 of tongue and pharynx |
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Term
| Where does it leave the skull? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves the medulla below CN VIII, then leaves the jugular foramen |
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Term
| What is the function of CN X? |
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Definition
- PNS innervation to thorax and abdomen
- Sensory and motor innervation to the larynx |
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Term
| Where does it exit the skull? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Exits medulla just below CN IX and joins it, leaving through the jugular foramen |
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Term
| (T/F) CN X is a very small nerve, |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of CN XI? |
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Definition
| Motor to the trapezius and sternoclenomastoid |
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Term
| (T/F) All rootlets of this nerve originate in the medulla |
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Definition
| False, some have their origins in the upper cervical levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Cervical roots join and travel towards the foramen magnum. Medullary roots come from just below CN X and the fibres together make up CN XI. The combined fibres leave via the jugular foramen |
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Term
| What is the function of CN XII? |
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Definition
| Supplies intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue |
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Term
| Where does it exit the skull? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The nerve arises from rootlets that exit between the pyramid and olive of the medulla. The rootlets fuse and leave the skull via the hypoglossal canal |
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