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Cranial Nerves VIII - XII
N/A
39
Anatomy
Graduate
03/05/2012

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Term
What are the two divisions of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.) and what are their primary functions?
Definition
Cochlear n. - information from the cochlea for audition, Vestibular n. - information from vestibular apparatus regarding position and movement of the head for equilibrium
Term
Where does CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.) emerge from the brain?
Definition
Cerebellopontine angle
Term
CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.) enters the petrous temporal bone via what opening?
Definition
Internal acoustic meatus
Term
Fascicles of the cochlear nerve enter the cochlea through what part? What do the fascicles travel to?
Definition
Enter at the modiolus, travels to the base of the spiral lamina
Term
Bipolar cochlear neurons are housed in what location?
Definition
Spiral ganglia within the bony modiolus
Term
Distal processes of the cochlear neurons travel to what location to synapse with hair cells?
Definition
Organ of Corti
Term
Cell bodies of bipolar vestibular neurons are found in what location? What are they called?
Definition
Vestibular ganglion found within the distal part of the internal acoustic meatus
Term
CN IX and X (glossopharyngeal and vagus n.) exit the brain at what location?
Definition
Anterolateral aspect of the medulla oblongata in the caudal brainstem behind the olivary eminence
Term
CN IX and X (glossopharyngeal and vagus) exit the skull via what opening?
Definition
Jugular foramen
Term
CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.) receives GSA innervation from what source?
Definition
External ear via auricular n.
Term
CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.) receives GVA and GSA innervation from what sources?
Definition
GVA from carotid body, carotid sinus, posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, pharyngotympanic tube, and tympanic cavity, GSA from posterior 1/3 of tongue for taste
Term
What are the sensory ganglia associated with CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.)? Where are they located?
Definition
Superior and inferior petrosal ganglia of CN IX, found as CN IX exits the jugular foramen
Term
What type of afferents cell bodies are found in the superior and inferior ganglia of CN IX?
Definition
GSA and GVA/SVA respectively
Term
What are the branches of CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.)
Definition
Tympanic n., carotid sinus n., pharyngeal branches, nerve to stylopharyngeus, tonsilar branches, lingual branches
Term
What is the function of the tympanic nerve?
Definition
Branches from CN IX (glossopharyngeal), supplies parasympathetic innervation to the otic ganglion which relays the signal to the parotid gland, provides sensory afferents to the tympanic cavity
Term
What forms the pharyngeal plexus of nerves?
Definition
Branches from CN IX (sensory), CN X (motor), and the sympathetic cervical trunk (vasomotor)
Term
What is the only muscle that receives SVE motor innervation from CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.)?
Definition
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Term
What branch of CN IX (glossopharyngeal) provides GVA sensory and SVA taste sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Definition
Lingual branches
Term
What are the sensory ganglion associated with CN X (vagus n.)? Where are they located?
Definition
Superior (jugular) and inferior (nodose) ganglia below the jugular foramen
Term
What type of innervation are the sensory ganglia associated with CN X (vagus) responsible for?
Definition
GSA from superior jugular via auricular n. and GVA/SVA from inferior nodose ganglia
Term
What does the vagus travel within as it traverses the neck?
Definition
Carotid sheath
Term
What are the branches of CN X (vagus) within the head and neck region?
Definition
Meningeal, auricular, pharyngeal (gives off nerve to carotid body), superior laryngeal, cervical cardiac, and recurrent laryngeal nerves
Term
What branches arise from the superior vagal ganglion?
Definition
Meningeal and auricular branches
Term
What is the function of the meningeal branch of CN X (vagal n.)?
Definition
Re-enters the cranium via the jugular foramen to provide GSA sensory innervation to the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa
Term
What is the function of the auricular branch of CN X (vagal n.)?
Definition
Receives communicating branch from CN IX, enters mastoid canaliculus and emerges from the tympanomastoid fissure to provide GSA sensory innervation to the external ear and tympanic membrane
Term
What is the function of the pharyngeal branch of CN X (vagal n.)?
Definition
Arises from the inferior vagal ganglion and provides SVE motor to muscles of the soft palate (except tensor veli palatini) and the pharynx (except stylopharyngeus). Also contributes to the pharyngeal plexus
Term
What is the function of the superior laryngeal nerve?
Definition
Arises from inferior vagal ganglion to provide GVA sensory and SVA taste to extreme root of the tongue and epiglottis, GSE motor to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricothyroid muscle
Term
What are the branches given off by the superior laryngeal nerve?
Definition
Internal branch (sensory to root of tongue, epiglottis, and larynx above the vocal folds) and external branch (motor to cricothyroid muscle and inferior constrictor)
Term
What is the function of the cervical cardiac branches of CN X (vagal n.)?
Definition
Preganglionic parasympathetic GVE innervation to the cardiac plexus
Term
What is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve given off by CN X (vagal n.)?
Definition
Sensory GSA to larynx below the vocal folds, SVE motor to all intrinsic muscles of the larynx )except circothyroid
Term
What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves wrap around?
Definition
Right around first segment of subclavian artery, left around aortic arch and ligamentum arteriosum
Term
What part of CN XI (accessory n.) joins CN X (vagus n.) superior to the inferior vagal ganglion?
Definition
Cranial root
Term
What is the function of the cranial root of CN XI (accessory n.)?
Definition
Contributes SVE fibers to pharyngeal and recurrent laryngeal branches
Term
What is the origin of the spinal root of CN XI (accessory n.)?
Definition
Spinal cord-medullary junction to C5 or C6
Term
Where does the spinal root of CN XI (accessory n.) exit the cranium? What does it innervate?
Definition
Jugular foramen, provides GSE motor to sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle
Term
What is the function of CN XII (hypoglossal n.)?
Definition
GSE motor to all the muscles of the tongue except the platoglossus.
Term
Where does CN XII (hypoglossal n.) emerge from the brain?
Definition
Between the pyramid and olivary eminence of the medulla oblongata
Term
Where does CN XII (hypoglossal n.) exit the cranium?
Definition
Hypoglossal canal
Term
What is innervated by CN XII (hypoglossal n.)?
Definition
Meningeal branch receives GSA sensory from the dura of the posterior cranial fossa, terminal branch innervates styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus, and intrinsic tongue muscles
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