Term
| What type of innervation is conveyed by CN I (olfactory n.)? |
|
Definition
| SVA - special visceral afferent |
|
|
Term
| Where is olfactory mucosa found? |
|
Definition
| Upper 1/3 of nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| What cell types are found in olfactory mucosa epithelium? |
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Definition
| Bipolar olfactory neurons, columnar supporting cells, and basal cells |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the olfactory nerve? |
|
Definition
| Collective olfactory fila given off by olfactory neurons |
|
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Term
| Where do olfactory fila enter the cranium? |
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Definition
| Fenestrations of the cribiform plate in the ethmoid bone |
|
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Term
| What type of innervation is conveyed by CN II (optic n.)? |
|
Definition
| SSA - special somatic afferent |
|
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Term
| What is the developmental origin of the optic nerve and neural retina in the developing forebrain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the optic nerve begin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What else traverses through the optic canal alongside CN II (optic n.)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does CN II (optic n.) enter the orbit? |
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Definition
| At its apex via the common tendinous ring annulus tendineus |
|
|
Term
| Where does CN II (optic n.) become the optic nerve head? |
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Definition
| As it pierces the sclera at the back of the eyeball |
|
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Term
| What pierces CN II (optic n.) shortly before it reaches the globe? |
|
Definition
| Central artery of the retina |
|
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Term
| Where does the central artery of the retina divide into superior and inferior branches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What examination is used to observe the branches of the central artery of the retina and the optic disc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What surrounds CN II (optic n.)? |
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Definition
| Extensions of the meninges |
|
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Term
| Increased intracranial CSF pressure can cause what symptom associated with CN II (optic n.) due to its relationship with the meninges? |
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Definition
| Papilledema - swelling of the optic disc due to slowed venous return and hindered neuronal axoplasmic transport |
|
|
Term
| How does papilledema present itself? |
|
Definition
| Blurring of disc margins, disc hyperemia, loss of venous pulsations |
|
|
Term
| Where do the neuronal processes that make up CN II (optic n.) originate? |
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Definition
| Retina ganglion cells axons - forms innermost layer of the retina |
|
|
Term
| What forms the blind spot of the eye? |
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Definition
| Coalescing of axons from retina ganglion cells at the optic disc |
|
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Term
| Which nerve axons travel ipsilaterally as they cross the optic chiasm? Which nerve axons move contralaterally? |
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Definition
| Axons from the temporal retina travel ipsilaterally, axons from the nasal retina ganglia travel contralaterally |
|
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Term
| Which cranial nerves carry GSE fibers that innervate extraocular extrinsic muscles responsible for movement of the eye within the orbit? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which extraocular muscles are innervated by CN III (oculomotor n.) |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique muscles |
|
|
Term
| Which extraocular muscle is innervated by CN IV (trochlear n.)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which extraocular muscle is innervated by CN VI (abducens n.)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which intrinsic eye structures are innervated by CN III (oculomotor n.)? |
|
Definition
| Sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle, and levator palpabrae superioris muscle |
|
|
Term
| What type of innervation is conveyed by CN III (oculomotor n.)? |
|
Definition
| GSE and GVE - somatic motor and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers |
|
|
Term
| Where does CN III (oculomotor n.) split to form superior and inferior divisions? |
|
Definition
| Shortly before it exits the cranium via the superior orbital fissure within the common tendinous ring |
|
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Term
| Which branch of CN III (oculomotor n.) innervates superior rectus and levator palpabrae superioris muscles? |
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Definition
| Superior division after it passes above the CN II (optic nerve n.) |
|
|
Term
| What are the divisions of the inferior branch of CN III (oculomotor n.)? |
|
Definition
| Medial, central, and lateral branches |
|
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Term
| What is innervated by the lateral branch of the inferior division of CN III (oculomotor n.)? |
|
Definition
| Motor to inferior oblique, sends communicating branch to ciliary ganglion to provide parasympathetic innervation to the sphincter pupillae and cilia muscles |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by the central branch of the inferior division of CN III (oculomotor n.)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by the central branch of the inferior division of CN III (oculomotor n.)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ciliary ganglion receive preganglionic innervation from CN III (oculomotor) and relays postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the intrinsic muscles via what nerve? |
|
Definition
| Short ciliary nerves of V1 |
|
|
Term
| What are the parasympathetic ganglia of the head? |
|
Definition
| Ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, otic |
|
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Term
| Which cranial nerve is associated with the ciliary ganglion? Which branch of CN V (trigeminal n.) is used to relay the signal? |
|
Definition
| CN III (ocoulomotor n.) via opthalmic branch |
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerve is associated with pterygopalatine ganglion? Which branch of CN V (trigeminal n.) is used to relay the signal? |
|
Definition
| CN VII (facial n.) via maxillary branch |
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Term
| Which cranial nerve is associated with the submandibular ganglion? Which branch of CN V (trigeminal n.) is used to relay the signal? |
|
Definition
| CN VII (facial n.) via madibular branch |
|
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Term
| Which cranial nerve is associated with the otic ganglion? Which branch of CN V (trigeminal n.) is used to relay the signal? |
|
Definition
| CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.) via mandibular branch |
|
|
Term
| What is the target of postganglionic fibers from ciliary ganglion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the target of postganglionic fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion? |
|
Definition
| Lacrimal gland, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, palate |
|
|
Term
| What is the target of postganglionic fibers from submandibular ganglion? |
|
Definition
| Submandibular and sublingual glands |
|
|
Term
| What is the target of postganglionic fibers from otic ganglion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by CN IV (trochlear n.)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does CN IV (trochlear n.) exit the cranium? |
|
Definition
| Superior orbital fissure above the common tendinous ring |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by CN VI (abducens n.)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does CN VI (abducens n.) exit the cranium? |
|
Definition
| Superior orbital fissure through the tendinous ring |
|
|
Term
| What sensory innervation is provided by CN V (trigeminal n.)? |
|
Definition
| GSA for the face, eyes, nasal and oral cavities, and the dura of the anterior and middle cranial fossae |
|
|
Term
| CN V (trigeminal n.) provides motor innervation for the group of muscles responsible for what action? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most sensory neurons of CN V (trigeminal n.) are found where? |
|
Definition
| Trigeminal ganglion which sits within a fold of dura mater known as Meckel's cave sitting on the trigeminal impression found on the petrous temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the three divisions of CN V (trigeminal n.) found within the trigeminal ganglion? |
|
Definition
| V1 - Ophthalmic sensory, V2 - Maxillary sensory, V3 - Mandibular sensory and motor |
|
|
Term
| What is the route taken by the motor root of CN V (trigeminal n.)? |
|
Definition
| Passes below the trigeminal ganglion and merges with V3 |
|
|
Term
| What are the three divisions of CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n.)? |
|
Definition
| Frontal, nasociliary, and lacrimal (tentorial branch also given off to supply the tentorium cerebelli and posterior part of the falx cerebri, but it doesn't leave the cranium) |
|
|
Term
| Which branch of CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n.) travels outside the common tendinous ring? |
|
Definition
| Frontal nerve and lacrimal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What does the frontal branch of CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n.) divide into? |
|
Definition
| Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve |
|
|
Term
| The supraorbital branch of the frontal nerve innervates what structures? |
|
Definition
| Frontal sinus, mid upper eyelid, anterolateral forehead, and scalp to interauricular line |
|
|
Term
| The supratrochlear branch of the frontal nerve innervates what structures? |
|
Definition
| Medial superior eyelid and anteromedial forehead |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by the nasociliary branch of CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n.)? |
|
Definition
| Eyeball, mucosa of ethmoid and sphenoid, sinuses and nasal cavity, skin of external nose and upper eyelid |
|
|
Term
| What branches are given off by the nasociliary nerve? |
|
Definition
| Communicating branch to ciliary ganglion, long ciliary nerves, posterior ethmoidal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by CN IV (trochlear n.)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does CN IV (trochlear n.) exit the cranium? |
|
Definition
| Superior orbital fissure above the common tendinous ring |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by CN VI (abducens n.)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does CN VI (abducens n.) exit the cranium? |
|
Definition
| Superior orbital fissure through the tendinous ring |
|
|
Term
| What sensory innervation is provided by CN V (trigeminal n.)? |
|
Definition
| GSA for the face, eyes, nasal and oral cavities, and the dura of the anterior and middle cranial fossae |
|
|
Term
| CN V (trigeminal n.) provides motor innervation for the group of muscles responsible for what action? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most sensory neurons of CN V (trigeminal n.) are found where? |
|
Definition
| Trigeminal ganglion which sits within a fold of dura mater known as Meckel's cave sitting on the trigeminal impression found on the petrous temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the three divisions of CN V (trigeminal n.) found within the trigeminal ganglion? |
|
Definition
| V1 - Ophthalmic sensory, V2 - Maxillary sensory, V3 - Mandibular sensory and motor |
|
|
Term
| What is the route taken by the motor root of CN V (trigeminal n.)? |
|
Definition
| Passes below the trigeminal ganglion and merges with V3 |
|
|
Term
| What are the three divisions of CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n.)? |
|
Definition
| Frontal, nasociliary, and lacrimal (tentorial branch also given off to supply the tentorium cerebelli and posterior part of the falx cerebri, but it doesn't leave the cranium) |
|
|
Term
| Which branch of CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n.) travels outside the common tendinous ring? |
|
Definition
| Frontal nerve and lacrimal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What does the frontal branch of CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n.) divide into? |
|
Definition
| Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve |
|
|
Term
| The supraorbital branch of the frontal nerve innervates what structures? |
|
Definition
| Frontal sinus, mid upper eyelid, anterolateral forehead, and scalp to interauricular line |
|
|
Term
| The supratrochlear branch of the frontal nerve innervates what structures? |
|
Definition
| Medial superior eyelid and anteromedial forehead |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by the nasociliary branch of CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n.)? |
|
Definition
| Eyeball, mucosa of ethmoid and sphenoid, sinuses and nasal cavity, skin of external nose and upper eyelid |
|
|
Term
| What are the collateral branches given off by the nasociliary nerve? |
|
Definition
| Communicating branch to ciliary ganglion, long ciliary nerves, posterior ethmoidal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What type of innervation is conveyed by the communicating branch to ciliary ganglion of the nasociliary nerve? |
|
Definition
| Postganglionic sympathetic fibers traveling in the nasocilliary nerve from internal carotid plexus |
|
|
Term
| What type of innervation is conveyed by the long ciliary branches of the nasociliary nerve? |
|
Definition
| GSA from the eye and postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupilae |
|
|
Term
| What is supplied by the posterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary nerve? |
|
Definition
| Mucosa of the posterior ethmoidal and sphenoid sinuses |
|
|
Term
| What are the terminal branches of the nasociliary nerve? |
|
Definition
| Anterior ethmoidal nerve and infratrochlear nerve |
|
|
Term
| What branches are given off by the anterior ethmoidal nerve as it drops into the nasal cavity through the cribriform plate? |
|
Definition
| Medial and lateral internal nasal nerves which terminate as the external nasal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by anterior ethmoidal nerve branch of the nasociliary nerve? |
|
Definition
| Anterior and middle ethmoidal air cells, dura of the anterior cranial fossa, mucosa of the anterosuperior part of the nasal cavity, and the skin of the nasal ala and dorsum of the nose |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by the infratrochlear nerve branch of the nasociliary nerve? |
|
Definition
| Medial portion of the eyelids, skin on the side of the nose, and the lacrimal sac and caruncle |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by the lacrimal branch of CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n.)? |
|
Definition
| Lacrimal gland via postganglionic parasympathetic fibers and the skin and mucosa of the lateral upper eyelid |
|
|
Term
| What cranial nerves travel through the cavernous sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerve travels alongside the internal carotid artery within the cavernous sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN VII (facial n.) sends SVE motor innervation to what facial muscles? |
|
Definition
| Stapedius, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, and muscles of facial expression |
|
|
Term
| CN VII (facial n.) sends GVE innervation to what structures? |
|
Definition
| Lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, sublingual glands, and oral and nasal mucosa |
|
|
Term
| CN VII (facial n.) sends SVA innervation to from structures? |
|
Definition
| Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate |
|
|
Term
| CN VII (facial n.) sends GSA innervation from what structures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of CN VII (facial n.)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two root divisions of CN VII (facial n.) as it exits the cranium at the internal auditory meatus? |
|
Definition
| Larger motor root and a sensory root (nervus intermedius or nerve of Wrisberg) |
|
|
Term
| What ganglion is formed within the petrous temporal bone by the fusion of the nervus intermedius and the facial nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the branches given off by the facial nerve within the petrous temporal bone? |
|
Definition
| Greater petrosal nerve, nerve to the stapedius, and chorda tympani nerve |
|
|
Term
| What type of innervation is given off by the greater petrosal nerve and what is its destination? |
|
Definition
| Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers bound for pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
|
Term
| Where does the facial nerve exit the temporal bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve is given off by the facial nerve shortly before it pierces the parotid gland to form the parotid plexus? |
|
Definition
| Posterior auricular branch to the stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric muscles |
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