Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cortiva - Q2 - APP 121 - Lesson 3 & 4
Flash cards and Quiz for lesson 3 & 4 in APP 121
71
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/12/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Structure & Learning
Definition
The structure of the brain changes as we learn; we 'rewire our brains.' Makes us flexible in our ability to learn; occurs in the front brain.
Term
Left Brain
Definition
Words, images
Term
Right Brain
Definition
Emotions
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
Largest part of the brain; left & right hemispheres divided by a longitudinal fissure. Sorrounded by cortex. This is what makes birth painful.
Term
Corpus Collosum
Definition
Thick connective tissue holding the left & right hemispheres of the cerebrum together.
Term
Cerebral Cortex
Definition
Outside the cerebrum, the site for conscious thought, memory, reasoning and abstract thought. Contains raised & lowered folds called gyri and sulci. Nerve cells in the cortex do all the things that make us human.
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; located between cerebrum and brain stem.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
In the diencephalon, it sorts and redirects sensory input. Nearly all sensory information passes through here.
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
In the diencephalon, it maintains homeostasis, controls autonomic nervous system and the pituitary gland. (Hormone secretion). Related to both nervous and endocrine systems.
Term
Brain Stem
Definition
Connects cerebrum & diencephalon with spinal cord; made up of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata (superior to inferior).
Term
Midbrain
Definition
Superior brain stem; acts as center for certain reflexes involving the eye and ear.
Term
Pons
Definition
Between midbrain & m. oblongata; an important connecting link between cerebellum and rest of the nervous system
Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition
Controls vital functions like respiration and heart rate.
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
"Little brain," located in the posterior skull. Balance, muscle tone and coordination.
Term
Meninges
Definition
Three layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord; dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.
Term
Dura Mater
Definition
Tough mother; one of the meninges
Term
Arachnoid Mater
Definition
Weblike fibers allow for movement of cerebrospinal fluid; one of the meninges
Term
Pia Mater
Definition
Soft mother; one of the meninges
Term
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Definition
Clear liquid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord, supports nervous tissue and absorbs shock.
Term
Basal Ganglia
Definition
Masses of gray matter located deep within each cerebral hemisphere; regulate body movemenet and muscles of facial expression. Relevant to Parkinson's Disease.
Term
Limbic System
Definition
Animal brain; deep rooted memory & emotions; sympathetic & parasympathetic operation; memory recall; link between concsious and automatic functions of the brain
Term
Lobe
Definition
Area of the cerebral cortex where particular brain functions are localized
Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition
Primary motor area, provides conscious control of skeletal muscles
Term
Parietal Lobe
Definition
Primary sensory area, where impulses from skill (touch, pain, temperature) are interpreted.
Term
Temporal Lobe
Definition
Auditory area, for receiving and interpreting sound; olfactory area (smell) is located in the medial temporal lobe.
Term
Occipital Lobe
Definition
Visual receiving and association area.
Term
Short-term memory
Definition
The retention of bits of information for a few seconds or minutes, after which it is lost unless reinforced.
Term
Long-term memory
Definition
The storage of information that can be recalled at a later time.
Term
Cranial Nerves
Definition
12 pairs; numbered by Roman Numerals. Know: V - Trigeminal Nerve; VII - Facial Nerve; X - Vagus Nerve
Term
CN - V
Definition
Cranial Nerve 5: Trigeminal; sensory nerve of the face. The nerve the dentist uses to numb you; works with the TMJ.
Term
CN - VII
Definition
Cranial Nerve 7: Facial Nerve; can cause loss of facial muscle control
Term
CN - X
Definition
Cranial Nerve 10: Vagus Nerve; supplies most of the organs in the thoracic & abdominal cavities, carries motor impulses to larynx & pharynx. LONGEST cranial nerve, responsible for upper thoracic organ innervation, including diaphragm.
Term
Nutrients
Definition
Blood flow to the brain is crucial in bringing the two things the brain needs to function - oxygen and sugar. Cut off for a few seconds - unconsciousness. Cut off for a few minutes - brain damage.
Term
Sensory Cortex
Definition
Interprets sensory information sent to it by touch; the palm of your hand stimulates your cortex more than your entire back.
Term
Sensory Receptors
Definition
Free dendrites of a sensory neuron; end-organ (touch & temperature); specialized cell associated with an afferent neuron (special sense organ)
Term
Nociceptor
Definition
Pain sensory receptor
Term
Thermoreceptor
Definition
Temperature change receptor
Term
Chemoreceptor
Definition
Chemical receptor (taste/smell)
Term
Photoreceptor
Definition
Responds to light in the eye
Term
Proprioceptor
Definition
Joint & body position in space
Term
Mechanoreceptor
Definition
Pressure and movement receptor
Term
General Senses
Definition
Can be felt anywhere around the body: touch, pressure, temperature, pain
Term
Specific Senses
Definition
Special to a particular organ or receptor; sight/vision (eye); smell/olfaction (nose); taste/gustation (tongue); equilibrium (inner ear); audition/hearing (inner ear)
Term
Tastes
Definition
The tongue can decipher the following tastes: sweet, salty, sour, biter, savoriness
Term
Pain (Definition)
Definition
A sensation in which a person feels discomfort, distress, or suffering due to irritation or stimulation of sensory nerves, especially pain nerves. An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
Term
Pain (Requires…)
Definition
An emotional element
Term
Pain (Diagnose/Treat)
Definition
Pain is an experience; it cannot be objectively measured. The fact that pain is subjective makes it difficult to diagnose and treat.
Term
Pain (Receptors)
Definition
Nociceptors; widely distributed throughout the body.
Term
Acute Pain
Definition
1.) Keen, intense, short term; 2.) Disease, inflammation, injury; 3.) Can usually be diagnosed & treated
Term
Chronic Pain
Definition
1.) Believed to represent the disease itself; 2.) Made worse by environmental or physical factors; 3.) Long period of time; 4.) Life changing experience
Term
Gate Control Theory
Definition
1.) Chronic pain can be overridden by providing the body with alternative input through pressure, movement, heat or cold. 2.) Other stimuli travel on faster pathways than chronic pain. 3.) Cpinal cord can only interpret one type of incoming information at a time.
Term
Referred Pain
Definition
When pain is experienced in a part of the body of thatn the region affected. Example: Arm pain due to a heart attack (not a direct nerve involvement, btw)
Term
Radiating Pain
Definition
Also, radicular pain. Nerve pain (aching, shooting, buzzing); travels along a specific pathway
Term
- thesia
Definition
sensation
Term
para -
Definition
not normal
Term
an (a)
Definition
without
Term
Analgesia
Definition
Without pain
Term
Paresthesia
Definition
Pins & needles (abnormal sensation)
Term
Anesthesia
Definition
partial or total loss of sensation
Term
Pain-spasm-pain cycle
Definition
Cycle in which pain and spasms, along with other mitigating factors, cause a cycle of physical, mental and emotional problems. Example: Injury causes pain, pain causes spasm, spasm causes decreased circulation, increased toxins, decreased ROM, holding patterns, sleep deprivation, and more pain. (cycle restarts)
Term
Alzheimer's Diease
Definition
1.) Degenerative, possible memory loss & dimentia; 2.) Plaques accumulate, become sticky, cut off oxygen & sugar to brain & cells die; 3.) Neurofibrillary tangles - long fibers in CNS get twisted and tangled
Term
Alzheimer's Diease & Massage
Definition
Massage is acceptable; must be aware of communication issues and other age related considerations.
Term
Bell's Palsy
Definition
Temporary flaccid paralysis of face; damage to facial nerve; portion of face that cannot hold tone.
Term
Bell's Palsy & Massage
Definition
Massage is acceptable as long as sensation can still be felt; maintains good elasticity & muscle nutrients in face.
Term
Multiple Sclerosis
Definition
1.) Inflammation of myelin sheaths in brain & spinal cord; causes increae of scar tissue & hardening. Can be motor or sensory (or both). They have FLARE UP days. Signs: Weakness, spasms, sensation changes…
Term
Multiple Sclerosis & Massage
Definition
Massage: Work in subacute state only, and don't overstimulate or over heat. Be aware of ability to perceive sensation.
Term
Parkinson's Disease
Definition
1.) Lack of dopamine, created by the basal ganglia, affects motor control and coordination; 2.) symptoms: weakness, bradykinesia (slow movement), stiffness
Term
Parkinson's Disease & Massage
Definition
Massage is a very important tool for this disease when working as part of a healthcare team
Term
Stroke
Definition
Death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen
Term
Epilepsy / Seizure Disorder
Definition
1.) Seizures are on the rise due to video games and HDTV
Term
Epilepsy / Seizure Disorder & Massage
Definition
Appropriate; helps with muscle contractions they've experienced
Supporting users have an ad free experience!