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Corbin Midterm 2
Midterm test
115
Anatomy
Professional
08/11/2012

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Cards

Term
Migrane is more prevalent in ___
Definition
females
Term
Prevalence of migraines increases between ages of ___ and ____
Definition
12-40
Term
What are the three categories of headaches
Definition
tension, migrane, and cervicogenic
Term
to little or to much ___ appears to contribute to headaches
Definition
serotonin
Term
Posterior fossa structures are innervated by ___ nerve roots
Definition
C2
Term
The parasympathetic output is mediated through what three ganglia?
Definition
pterygopalatine, otic, carotid
Term
what ma be the source of chronic headaches in children?
Definition
caffeine
Term
___ may be associated with lower migraine prevalence in pre menstrual women
Definition
low estrogen and high FSH
Term
what are two possible mechanisms for a weight lifters
Definition
increased intracranial pressure from valsalva, stretching or strain of cervical musculature.
Term
a tight mask may cause a headache by
Definition
compressing the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves
Term
a diver may get a headache by
Definition
skip breathing may lead to increase in PC02 and vasodilation
Term
Stabilizing a mouthpiece may cause a headache from
Definition
tension of the cervical and fascial muscles
Term
dental cavities cause headache by
Definition
sensitivity to barometric pressure changes with deep diving.
Term
its is prudent to check all trauma patients with ___
Definition
neurological signs and mental status
Term
headaches that are associated with pupillary dilation and sweating with a partial horners syndrome are ___
Definition
traumatic dysautonomic cephalgia
Term
severe headache that is potentially life threatening associated with trauma is____
Definition
second impact syndrome
Term
this type of headache is found in women and are similar to cluster headache but is less severe
Definition
chronic paroxysmal hemicrania
Term
cluster headache is found primarily in ___
Definition
males
Term
Upper trunk nerve injury, traction injury, loss of C5-6, waiters tip sign
Definition
Erb-Duschene Palsy
Term
Lower trunk injury, traction over head, C8-T1 loss, hypothenar atrophy, loss of ulnar sensation, Horners syndrome, loss of hand and finger extension
Definition
Klumpke Palsy (klumpke the monkey has an ulnar claw)
Term
arm over park bench, crutches, humerus facture, weakness of forearm extensors, hand and fingers, forearm supination, decrease triceps reflex, sensory loss and wrist drop
Definition
saturday night palsy (radial neuropathy)
Term
___ occurs when a muscle is stretched to its end range
Definition
elastic end feel
Term
___ is due to elastic tension that develops in the joint
Definition
capsule
Term
pain before end range would call for vigorous therapy
Definition
acute process
Term
Pain felt at the same time as end range and would be amendable to gentle stretching and mobilization
Definition
subacute process
Term
Pain felt after end range that respond to aggressive stretching and manipulation
Definition
chronic process
Term
spinal cord compression
Definition
myelopathy
Term
the rhomboids are innervated by what nerve root
Definition
C5
Term
women with migraine are at a higher risk for ischemic stroke if they ____
Definition
smoke
Term
___ headaches has to do with horners syndrome
Definition
cluster
Term
inability to move head in any direction, passive ROM increased compared to active
Definition
pseudotorticollis
Term
when the spinal cord is put into extension it will ___ and ____
Definition
relaxed and shortened
Term
when the spinal cord is put into flexion it will ___ and ___
Definition
tighten and lengthen
Term
what is the most common thing that is caused from a whiplash that is not treatable for chiropractors
Definition
TMJ
Term
What percentage of the cervical canal does C6 take up
Definition
75%
Term
If a patient comes in with a headache that they have had previously then the doctor needs to
Definition
differentiate the headache between whether its a referral or a non referral case
Term
TOS is of a cervical rib is of what type?
Definition
Type 4- full rib with cartilagenous to 1st rib
Term
dull ache with some hand weakness and moderate relief with hand held behind the head is indicative of
Definition
herniated disc (cervical radiculopathy)
Term
Thyroid cartilage is located at
Definition
C4/C5
Term
What phase of whiplash causes the most damage
Definition
phase 4?
Term
What of the following is under-diagnosed
Definition
stinger
Term
Erb Duchene palse is loss of what 2 nerve roots and shows what sign?
Definition
Loss of C5, C6 and shows waiter tip sign
Term
decrease or absence of the neurovascular bundle by a spastic hypertophied scalenus anterior muscle

rotation compresses the subclavian artery and brachial plexus
Definition
adsons TOS
Term
forcing the ribs posterior will decrease the space between the clavicle and the 1st rib. Axillary vein and neurovascular bundle runs through the clavicle and the 1st rib
Definition
Edens costoclavicular test
Term
axillary artery/vein, and the three cords of the plexus run under pectoralis minor and the coracoid process and compresses with this test
Definition
wrights test
Term
traction will pull the NV bundle over the 1st rib, extension of the neck will tighten the scalene muscle, decrease pulse indicates 1st rib subluxation or cervical rib
Definition
halstead
Term
narrowing of the costoclavicular interval with a tightened anterior scalene muscle will cause impingement and weakness
Definition
Roos
Term
coracoid pressure syndrome causes costoclavicular membrane pressure with pectoralis minor
Definition
Shoulder compression test
Term
end feel pain prevents full ROM
Definition
spasm
Term
Mechanical blockage end range occurs before full ROM as seen in a torn labrum, OA
Definition
Springy Block or Rebound
Term
Acute painful process prevents end range as seen in bursitis
Definition
Empty
Term
End feel with a + ligament stability test where there is capsular ligament damage
Definition
Loose
Term
pain before end range
Definition
acute
Term
pain at the same time as end range (stretch, mobilization)
Definition
subacute
Term
pain felt after end range (stretch, manipulation)
Definition
chronic
Term
end range stretch is not painful but contraction is painful what structure is involved
Definition
tendon
Term
radial tunnel damage will cause
Definition
wrist drop
Term
resisting pronation or finger flexion and passive elbow flexion will test the
Definition
median nerve
Term
resisting supination or wrist extension will test the
Definition
radial nerve
Term
passive elbow flexion will test the
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
wrist drop will test the ___ nerve
Definition
radial
Term
claw hand will show deficient
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
ape hand or non opposed thumb will be a deficiency in
Definition
the median nerve
Term
sensory loss of the upper half of the medial forearm and the medial portion of the upper arm is referring to what neurologic level
Definition
T1 (disc t1-t2)
Term
sensory loss that is from the lateral arm from the shoulder to the elbow is referring to an HNP from
Definition
c4-c5 (level c5)
Term
sensory loss Lateral forearm, thumb, index finger and one half of the middle finger.
Definition
c6 (disc c5-c6)
Term
sensory loss Middle finger
Definition
c7 (disc c6-c7)
Term
sensory loss Ring and little fingers of the hand and distal half of the forearm.
Definition
c8 (disc c7-t1)
Term
An older patient presents with a new unilateral headache. The patient is also complaining of generalized aching and muscular fatigue in the upper trunk area, and also be complains of visual dysfunction or blindness of sudden onset. What is the diagnosis?
Definition
Temporal Arteritis
Term
Intra articular swelling with have a ___ end feel
Definition
mushy/boggy
Term
Jeffersons fracture
Definition
fracture of the anterior and posterior arch
Term
Hangmans fracture
Definition
fracture produced by typical whiplash injury
unstable
Term
fracture of the odontoid
Definition
Type 2 is the most common at the base
Term
basilar impression
Definition
congenital

RA-Invagination
Term
indicates that there is no lesion of the muscles being tested regardless
of how tender the muscles may be when they are touched
Definition
strong and pain free
Term
indicates a local lesion of the muscle or tendon that is usually a muscle strain – typically there is no limitation of passive movement unless a hematoma is present
Definition
strong and painful
Term
indicates a severe lesion around tat join such as a facture or neoplasm the weakness that develops I due to reflex inhibition of the muscles
Definition
weak and painful
Term
indicates a rupture of the muscle or involvement of the corresponding nerve.
Definition
weak and pain free
Term
what are the 4 cardinal signs of instability of the upper cervical spine
Definition
1. Overt loss of balance in relation to head movements
2. Facial lip paresthesia, reproduced by active or passive head movement always do active first and then passive
3. Bilateral or quadrilateral limb paresthesia either constant or reproduced by neck movements
4. Nystagamus produced by active or passive neck movements
Term
___From rheumatoid arthritis is due to loss of axial supporting structures in the upper cervical spine. It is estimated that about 10% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at risk for sudden death.
Definition
basilar impression
Term
Active ROM – variable, Passive ROM pain on stretch, Resisted movement painful when contracted in stretched position indicate what?
Definition
Tendonitis
Term
what are the 4 characteristics a patient must have 3 of to classify migraine with aura
Definition
1. There are one or more resolved aura symptoms
2. At least one aura symptom that develops gradually over 5-20 min and lasts for less than 60 min, or 2 or more aura symptoms occur in sequence
3. Aura does not last more than one hour
4. The headache follows the aura or same time
Term
what are the 4 characteristics of a migraine without and aura that a patient must have at least 2 of
Definition
1. unilateral location (59%)
2. pulsating quality (85%)
3. moderate to severe intensity that inhibits or prohibits daily activity
4. aggravated by or causing avoidance of routine physical activities such as climbing stairs or comparable activity.
Term
To classify a migraine a person MUST have one of what two symptoms
Definition
nausea (73%) or photophobia (80%)/phonophobia (76%)
Term
Women with migraine are at a higher risk for ischemic stroke if they do these two things
Definition
use oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy
smoke
Term
Chronic migraine is categorized by ___ headaches per month for at least ___ months
Definition
15; 3
Term
What is the 3 symptoms that categorize a cervicogenic headache
Definition
1. Restricted Neck movements
2. Change in neck muscle contour, texture, tone or response to active or passive stretching or contraction
3. abnormal tenderness of neck muscles
Term
Radiographic findings of a cervicogenic headache are
Definition
1. movement abnormalities
2. abnormal posture
3. fracture, congenital anomalies, bone tumor, RA, other pathology
Term
What headache falls under the grouping of trigeminal autonomic cephalagias.
Definition
cluster
Term
What is the duration of a cluster headache
Definition
pain that peaks in 10-15 min; lasting 15-180 min with pain resolving rapidly
Term
Where is the locations of a cluster headache
Definition
severe unilateral, orbital, supraorbital, or temporal pain
Term
Cluster headache tends to occur at ___
Definition
night
Term
This patient describes a headache with frequent occurance that is often worse in the afternoon or early evening. The pain is usually bilateral, often supraorbital or sub occipital. The headaches last for days or weeks.
Definition
Tension headache
Term
Tension headache cause
Definition
may be related to chronic abuse of medication and associated tender trigger points.
Term
The patient is a middle-aged male complaining of incredibly painful headaches that are orbital in location. The headaches last on an average 30 minutes and are the most painful feeling the patient has felt. The patient has a history of smoking and possibly alcohol abuse. What is the diagnosis?
Definition
Cluster headache
Term
This headache may have a horners sign (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis) and has a high suicide rate
Definition
cluster
Term
The patient is above 50 complaining of a unilateral headache of the temporal region. The headache is associated with a tender nodule at the superficial temporal artery on the side of the forehead. The patient may be experiencing aching and muscular fatigue in the upper trunk area. There may also be complaints of the visual dysfunction or blindness of sudden onset
Definition
temporal arteritis
Term
Patient presents with unbearable face pain, sharp electrical pain, and twitch these symptoms are typical of
Definition
douloureux neuralgia
Term
Classification of TOCS involves what what cervical areas for upper and lower
Definition
Upper C5-C7
Lower C8-T1
Term
Stretching the joint through the normal passive restraint of the ligaments and muscles places the joint in the
Definition
elastic end range
Term
stretching the joint past the normal passive restraint of the ligaments is the
Definition
plastic end range
Term
This test for meningeal irritation from disc, tumor, or spinal stenosis
Definition
Brudzinskis sign
Term
The examiner places both hands at the base of the occiput and c2, the examiner gently lifts the head off the table
Definition
transverse ligament stress test
Term
premorbid shallowness of the central canal represents a predisposing factor for the development of
Definition
cervical myelopathy
Term
referral of pain through the trigeminocervical nucleus is associated with what type of headache
Definition
cervicogenic
Term
Head in full flexion locks out the vertebrae below ___ for assessment during rotation
Definition
C4
Term
A ___ gait is seen with stenosis
Definition
broad based
Term
ROM at the cervical spine has ___ extension at C0 and C1
Definition
25%
Term
ROM at the cervical spine has ___ rotation at C1, C2
Definition
50%
Term
A major concern of headache with exertion is underlying pathology of ___
Definition
tumor
Term
___ is loss of the axial supporting structures in the upper cervical spine by RA
Definition
Basilar impression
Term
based on the neck pain task force what grade would have neck pain with neurologic signs of nerve compression
Definition
Grade 3
Term
based on the neck pain task force what grade is no signs of serious pathology but interference with ADL
Definition
Grade 2
Term
what helps treat migranes by increasing serotonin levels
Definition
5-HTP
Term
what is a metabolic cause of a headache
Definition
hyponatremia
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