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49
History
11th Grade
10/06/2008

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Embargo Act of 1807
Definition
  • Embargo Act of 1807
  • Congress made in response to Jefferson
  • Dec 1807
  • Jefferson resolved to use public indignation
  • Stopped all experts of American goods and prohibit American ships to leave foreign ports.
  • Neither France nor Great Britain was significant
Term
Louisiana Purchase
Definition
  • La purchase
  • 1800's
  • Louisiana
  • Jefferson, Napoleon
  • Because of preesre from the west and national secruity threats, Jefferson offered to but New Orleans from France
  • brought La cheaply
  • Jefferson's great accomplishment
  • Double the size of the U.s
Term
Tecumseh
Definition
  • Tecumseh
  • Shawness Warrior
  • 1809
  • Shawnee Territory
  • His people raided General William yet the Shawnees lost Battle of Tippacanoe and Tecumseh dreams of tudiah confederacy lost
  • Tecumseh's great attempts to unite Indian tribes in defense of their land against whites led to his downfall
Term

Jay's Treaty

 

 

Definition
  • Jay's Treaty
  • 1794
  • Legalized American commerce with British west indies
  • John Jay
  • Allowed us to negotiate separate treaties with Indian tribes
  • Brits made  neutrality tough, maintained posts on U.S. soil and sold fire arms to the Native Americans

 

Term

Whiskey Rebellion

 

Definition
  • Whiskey Rebellion
  • 1791
  • Western Pa
  • Frontier farmers mostly of Scottish/Irish descent
  • Because of Alexander Hamilton's excise tax
  • demostrated to the people that the new constitution was powerful enough to put down domestic rebellion "mobocracy"
  • Showed power of the National Govt
Term
Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion
Definition
  • Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion
  • 1800
  • Va
  • Prosser and other black trying to take on the city
  • against the white neighbors
  • put down before anything happened
  • made way for future rebellions

 

Term
Annapolis Convention
Definition
  • Annapolis convention
  • 1786
  • Annapolis
  • Commission from colonies
  • to discuss refrom of interstate commerce
  • design currency and find a way to repay government debts to war veterans
  • little was accomplished
  • That delegates would meet later in Philidelphia
Term
Hartford Convention
Definition
  • Hartford Convention
  • Early 1800's
  • Hartford, Ct
  • N.E/ Federalists
  • Feds met to discuss their grievances and find solutions to their problems
  • Sought financial assistance from Washington since their trade was at a standstill because Brits placed a blockade around the Atlantic coastline of U.s
  • N/a
Term
Republicanism/Democracy
Definition
  • Democrats-Republicans
  • Feds(Demo) wantrs a strong central gov't vice versa for the Repub
  • To pick who would be president
  • Show public who best candidate would be
  • Showed different opinions of the views of most political topics
  • Still survives till this day

 

Term
Henry Clay
Definition
  • Henry Clay
  • Young senator, Longtime speaker of the house
  • early 1800 (from 1811)
  • In politics, gov't
  • Know for his cmbative temperament and prospertiy for dueling, - known as one of the era's greatest statesmen
  • Promote National economic policy
Term
Washington's Farewell Address
Definition
  • Washington's Farewell Address
  • George Washington
  • 1796
  • GW warned of the dangers of political parties and entangling permanent alliances
  • Gw convinced us to stay neutral and avoid foreign affaris
  • Led to U.s isolationism
  • Rise of political parties continued
Term
Connecticut (Great) Compromise
Definition
  • Great Compromise
  • 1787
  • Connecticut
  • to see what plans to follow for constitution
  • state representation from the colonies
  • created House and Senate
  • Came with one house by population and another house by two senators
Term
Barbary Pirates
Definition
  • Barbary pirates
  • first appeared in the mediterranean
  • 1780-90s
  • North Africa
  • demanded money to protect all ships who sailed the mediterreanean
  • U.s agreed to treaties providing from annual tribute to the North east
Term
Undeclared Naval War
Definition
  • Undeclared Naval War
  • U.s and France
  • 1798
  • U.s
  • France tried to bribe American's
  • Got money and support
  • U.S lost/gained allies
  • France lost money
  • America lost their long-time allies

 

Term
Treaty of Alliance 1778
Definition
  • Treaty of alliance 1778
  • 1778
  • America or France
  • France wanted Britain free of her colonies
  • French and colonists
  • Weaken Brits, cause France to want something in return
  • Helped America win war
Term
Treaty of Paris
Definition
  • Treaty of Paris 1783
  • 1783
  • Paris
  • Recognized Independent of American colonies
  • Britain and colonies
  • granted colonies the territory
  • Made America bigger

 

Term
Corrupt Bargain
Definition
  • The corrupt bargain
  • 1820.
  • America
  • Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams
  • Adams got Clay to give his vote so he could win for presidency
  • Admas becomes President
  • one of the first fixed election
Term
Loose/Strict interpretation
Definition
  • Loose/Strict interpretation
  • Feds/Rep
  • some liked strict, some liked loose
  • follow what each individual wanted
  • Have to different interpretations of how the constitution was to be viewed
Term
Lewis and Clark
Definition
  • Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
  • President's personal secretary/Army officer
  • 1804
  • With the President
  • Exploration yielded maps, knowledge of indians, overland trail to Pacific Ocean
  • Led to U.S claim to Pacific NW
Term
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Definition
  • Gibbons vs Odgen
  • John Marshall
  • 1824
  • In 1808, the Ny legislator granted Aaron Odgen the exclsive ferry across the Hudson River b/w Ny and Nj
  • Established national supremacy in regulation of interstate commerce
  • In striking down the monopoly created by the developed steamboat navigation, soon afterward railroads

 

Term
Treaty of Ghent
Definition
  • Treaty of Ghent
  • Dec 1814
  • Ghent
  • As a half to the fighting
  • By peace commisioners in Ghent
  • The return of all conquered territory
  • Treaty was ratified to the pre-war borders by the senators
  • Recognition of the pre-war boundary b/w Canada and the U.S

 

Term
Land Ordinance of 1785
Definition
  • Land ordinance of 1785
  • 1785
  • N. of Ohio River and West of App Mts
  • Raise  needed funds
  • Thomas Jefferson
  • Allowed for a peaceful purchase of land, promoted an orderly expansion westward
  • U.S govt was to come with a fair and reasonable land policy, unlike those before
Term
Critical Period
Definition
  • Critical Period 1781-1789
  • The Critical Period
  • Impact of Rev.
  • slavery attacked
  • women's rights
  • Us debt
  • caused movements and steps taken to solve what was going on
  • Examples: establishment of U.S bank

 

Term
XYZ affair
Definition
  • XYZ affair
  • 1797
  • France
  • John Marshall, Charles Pickney, John Jay, Elbridge Gerry
  • to avoid war w/France, President Adams sent three representatives to negoitate a peace agreement
  • French insulted america by demanding a bribe of $250 thousand to merely talk with the french Foreign minster Charles-Maurice de Tallyrand
  • U.S. and France began to fight an undeclared naval war
Term
War Hawks
Definition
  • War Hawks
  • new member from South and West districts
  • 1811
  • demanded invasion of Canada
  • wanted invasion of Canada for war in defense of "national honor"
  • new generation of representatives were coming through
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
  • Articles of Confederation
  • Took effect March 1781 adopted Nov 1777
  • Massachusetts
  • Attempt to create a democratic govt
  • Second Continential Congress
  • Made each state independent
  • Created weak nat. gov't with little powers
  • Would unite in times of Congress
  • Led to the Development of the Constitution
Term
Cotton gin/Eli Whitney
Definition
  • Eli Whitney
  • 1793 (Later 1700's)
  • in the south
  • Yale graduate
  • gone south to teach and devised a mechanism from removing the sticky seeds from cotton
  • Whitney spurred a revolution
  • gave planters a profitable new use for slavery
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
  • Articles of Confederation
  • Took effect March 1781
  • Massachusetts
  • Attempt to create a democratic gov't
  • Second Cont. Congress
  • Made each state independent
  • created weak nat. gov't with little power
  • led to the development of the constitution
Term
Deism
Definition
  • Deism
  • Remnants of Calvinst orthodox
  • puring the enlightenment (1800s)
  • God bilt universe, set it in motion, left us to our own facts
  • rejected belief every statement in bible was literally true
  • sort of like present day atheists

 

Term
Revolution of 1800
Definition
  • Rev. of 1800
  • Rep vs Feds
  • 1800
  • U.s
  • different parties didn't like one another
  • Reubs won elections
  • Feds lost election for president
  • Hatred increased b/w political parties not just in election, but all the time
Term
Virginia Plan
Definition
  • VA plan
  • James Madison
  • May 29, 1787
  • Separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches and a true nat gov't whose laws would be binding upon individual citizen as well as states
  • Congress had to be divided into two houses, upper and lower
  • established a national gov't with 3 branches
Term
New Jersey Plan(s)
Definition
  • Nj plan(s)
  • William Paterson
  • June 15, 1787
  • smaller states wanted equal representation in both  houses similar to Articles of Confed.
  • Equal rep. by unicameral Congress
  • Led to Rep of smaller states
Term
Federalist/Anti Federalists
Definition
  • Rise of political parties (Fed/Anti Fed)
  • 1780's (after constitution)
  • in b/w the delegates of the const.
  • Advancements of the const.
  • Fed: well educated, George W., Alexander H. Ben F. and John Adams
  • Antifed: Thomas Jeff., Patrick Henry, Sam Adams
  • When a distinguished differance rose b/w those who supported strong central gov't vise versa
  • Divided supporters and nonsupporters of the Const., Fed were better prepared, ratified Constitution yet anti Fed Thomas Jeff. became President
  • Feds developed a collection of essays called the Federalish ehich defended the principle of supreme nat. authority
Term
Benjamin Banneker
Definition
  • Benjamin Bannker
  • African American Almanac writer
  • 1788.
  • Maryland
  • Wrote a book that occasionally included harsh commentary on slavery and the slave choice
  • Helped other blacks to start writing books
Term
Marbury vs Madison
Definition
  • Marbury vs. madison
  • William Marbury (Fed) vs. James Madison
  • 1803
  • in court
  • Marbury didn't receive his commission from sec. of state James Madison and issued a "writ of mandamus" forcing Madison to deliver his commission
  • Marshall dismissed suit but also struck part of Judiciary Act of 178
  • Marshall chastised Jeffersonians While avoding a fight with adminstration
  • Because of this case, states lost power which was given to weaker supreme court
  • establishment precedent of judicial review and the sup. court, not states, had power to declare congress laws unconstitutional
Term
Bank of U.S
Definition
  • Bank of us
  • Alexander Hamilton
  • 1790's (during president GW's term)
  • Funding federal and state debts
  • by issurance of bank notes used as a national currency as well as expanding capital for the developing economy
  • was very successful and made American have the best credit, help refund debts
Term
VA resolutions
Definition
  • Va resolutions
  • Va
  • 1798
  • Problems with some of the laws the men of that constitution were ruling
  • Advance the state-compact theory, denounced the Alien and Sedition Act
  • Said the state retained the right to say when Congress had exceeded its powers
Term

Shay's Rebellion

 

Definition
  • Shay's Rebellion
  • small farmers
  • early 1787 and 1786
  • unfair taxation, reposession of items and debt; rage against massachusetts govt
  • The private militia paid by wealthy Boston merchants
  • N/a
  • Rebellion had no victory; but gave way to conservative and nationalism
  • Rebellion lost four people
  • New legislators omitted direct taxes the following year, lowered court fees
Term
NW ordinance
Definition
  • NW ordinance
  • 1787
  • Wherever Indian titles had be extinguished (NW)
  • To help pay for war debt
  • Congress
  • Abandoned committment to early self govt when population reached sixty thousand
  • Excluded Slavery permanently from NW
Term
Impressment
Definition
  • Impressment
  • after 1778
  • on sea, ships
  • French, Brits, American sailors
  • Because the French were upset when Americans violated the Franco American Treaty of 1778
  • The kidnapping of ships, contents and men; who were forced to join Fr./Brit navy
  • XYZ affair, Fighting w/France
Term
Declaration of Independence
Definition
  • Declaration of Indep.
  • drafted by Thomas Jefferson
  • 1776
  • made to develop a public explanation of the reasons for colonies discontent and to provide a rationale for independence
  • provide rights to every man
  • govt derved powers from consent of people
  • The most important document in history
Term
N/a
Definition
N/a
Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
  • Bill of Rights
  • Became effective Dec. 15, 1791
  • because of the lack of provisions protecting individual and states rights had been one of the Anti-feds major objections to the const.
  • Provided safeguards to certain fundamental rights: freedom of rel, speech, press...etc
  • viewed as the most dramatic single gesture of conciliation that could be offered the remaining opponents of the gov't
  • Provided no rights or legal protection to African Americans or Indians
Term
Judicial Review
Definition
  • Judicial Review
  • 1796
  • U.s
  • Supreme Court and Congress
  • Fed said Sup. Court had authority to nullify acts of Congress
  • upheld the validity of a law passed by the legislative
  • showed sup. court could rule things constit. and unconstitutional acts
Term
Citizen Genet
Definition
  • Edmond- Charles Edward Genet
  • The French Gov't new ambassador
  • 1793
  • France and America
  • made a fool of himself when he went to America; conspired w/Fronitermen outfitted to capture Brit ship
  • messed up relations wth France even more
Term
Alien and Sedition Acts
Definition
  • Alien and Sedition Acts
  • Proposed by extreme Feds in Congress
  • 1798
  • Alien act-empowered president to deport
  • Sedition Act- a high misdemeanor any conspiracy against legal measure of govt
  • designed to punish republicians
  • led to draft the Kentucky and VA Resolutions
Term
Pinckney's Treaty
Definition
  • Pinckney's Treaty
  • mid 1790's
  • America
  • When Thomas won spanish acceptance of American boundary and the 31st paraleel, free navigation of the Mississippi River
  • Ratification fo this Treaty was especially popular, especially among westerners eager to use the Mississippi River to transport crops to markets
  • settled matters with Britain and Spain, and caused a surge of settlers to head for the West
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