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Concept 12: Nervous System
Nervous system: functions, locations, divisions, components, etc
32
Anatomy
11th Grade
03/11/2010

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Cards

Term
What are the seven levels of organization within the nervous system and what is the function of each?
Definition
Behavior
Systems/pathways
Centers and local circuits
Neuron
Microcircuits
Synapse
Membranes
Molecules/ions
Term
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system and what is the function of each?
Definition
CNS: Evaluation of stimuli
PNS: Sensory/motor 
Term
What are the two major components of the PNS?
Definition
Motor 
Sensory
Term
What are the 3 major components of the brain?
Definition
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Term

The PNS is composed of what 2 divisions? What is the function of each?

 

Definition
Afferent: Outside --> inside  (sensory)
Efferent: Inside --> outside (motor)
Term
The efferent system is composed of what 2 components? What is the function of each?
Definition
Autonomic: controls unconscious processes and responses
Somatic: controls voluntary responses and processes
Term
The ANS is composed of what two divisions? What is the function of each? 
Definition
Sympathetic: fight/flight responses
Parasympathetic: Relax/recovery responses (voluntary)
Term
List 5 types of glial cells and the function of each
Definition
1. Astrocyte: supports and feeds capillaries and controls ionic balance (PNS and CNS)
2. microglial: acts as a macrophage by eating viruses/bacteria (CNS)
3. ependymal: lines cavities in the brain, produce cerebro-spinal fluid (CNS)
4. oligodendrocytes: makes myelin (CNS)
5. schwann cell: makes myelin (PNS)
Term
What are 3 different types of neurons by function?
Definition

1. motor

2. sensory
3. interneurons 

Term
What are 3 different connective tissue sheaths covering nerves and where are they located?
Definition
1. endoneurium: nerve fibers
2. perineurium: outside
3. epineurium: fascicles
Term
What are five major types of sensory receptors based on function? give an example of each
Definition
1. mechanoreceptors: pacinian corpuscle
2. nociceptors: free nerve endings
3. thermoreceptors: free nerve endings
4. chemoreceptors: olfactory neurons
5. photoreceptors: rods and cones
Term
What is the difference between spinal and cranial nerves based on number, location, and function?
Definition
Cranial: 12 pairs, sensory or motor or mixed, brain
Spinal: 31 pairs, mixed, spine
Term
What is the difference between a dorsal root and a ventral root in terms of function and location?
Definition
Dorsal root: sensory, on the dorsal side of the spinal cord
Ventral root: motor, on the ventral side of the spinal cord
Term
How many cranial nerves are there?
Definition
12 pairs (24)
Term
How many spinal nerves are there?
Definition
31 pairs (62)
Term
Sensory nerves are also referred to as ___.
Definition
Parasympathetic
Term
Motor nerves are also referred to as ___ .
Definition
Sympathetic 
Term
Sensory nerves conduct impulses from _____ to ____.
Definition
from outside the body 
to the CNS
Term
Motor nerves conduct impulses from _____ to ____ .
Definition
from the CNS 
to the body
Term
What are the effectors of the somatic and the autonomic systems?
Definition
Somatic: Skeletal
Autonomic: Cardiac, smooth, and glands
Term
What are the neurotransmitter substances released by the neurons of the somatic system and where are they released?
Definition
ACH: terminus and preganglionic fibers
Epineprine and NE: adrenal medulla 
Term
What are the neurotransmitter substances released by the neurons of the autonomic system and where are they released?
Definition
ACH: terminus and preganglionic fibers
Term
Where do the fibers leave the CNS that make up the sympathetic branch of the ANS?
Definition
Thoracic / lumbar region 
Term
What is the function of the sympathetic branch of the ANS?
Definition
Fight/flight 
Term
What are some examples of body movement after sympathetic stimulation?
Definition
Motor movement (leg bending to jump, wrist twisting, etc)
Term
Where do the fibers leave the CNS that make up the parasympathetic branch of the ANS?
Definition
Brain and sacral areas
Term
What is the function of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS?
Definition
Relaxation/recovery
Term
What are some examples of body activity after parasympathetic stimulation?
Definition
increase in saliva production
heart rate slowing
blood pressure increasing
Term
Where are the sympathetic ganglia located?
Definition
thoracic lumbar region of spinal cord
Term
Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?
Definition
brain and sacral region
Term
What is the function of the grey and white rami communicans?
Definition
White ramus: communicates from the CNS to the ganglia
Grey ramus: originates in the ganglia and communicates to the CNS
Term
What is the location of the three different types of ganglia in the autonomic system?
Definition

Preganglia
Postganglia
Sympathetic chain ganglia 

 

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