Term
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Definition
| a network that covers a large geographical area, it may connect multiple smaller networks over metropolitan regional, and even national boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
| one end point creates a signal path connection to another. this is a widely used technology |
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Term
| public switched telephone network (PSTN) |
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Definition
| example of circuit switching network |
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Term
| In circuit switching, the word circuit refers to |
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Definition
| the path between endpoints |
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Term
| packet switching networks |
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Definition
| data to be transmitted is broken into smaller units known as packets. Each packet takes the best route available at a given time, rather than using a fixed circuit, or path, to the required destination |
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Term
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Definition
| example of a packet switching standard, which uses virtual circuits. functions at the physical and data layer of the OSI model. it enables the transmission of data over a shared network medium using virtual circuits |
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Term
| virtual circuit switching |
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Definition
| transfers packets via logical circuits, which don't have physical resources such as frequencies or time slots allocated to them. only consume bandwidth when they transport data |
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Term
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Definition
| are assigned to identities rather than physical locations, and can be either permanent or switched |
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Term
| Virtual circuit identifier (VCI) |
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Definition
| local to a link and updated by each switch on the path from the source to the destination of the packet |
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Term
| two types of virtual circuits |
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Definition
| permanent virtual circuit (PVCs) and switched virtual circuit (SVCs) |
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Term
| permanent virtual circuit (PVCs) |
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Definition
| usually takes the form of a leased line, which a customer pays a fixed monthly fee to use |
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Term
| switched virtual circuit (SVCs) |
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Definition
| are set up on a per-call basis. they provide more flexibility than PVCs enabling a single connection to multiple other endpoints, as need |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to packet switching networks except that data is transmitted as fixed-length cells instead of as variable-length packets |
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Term
| asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) |
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Definition
| an example of a cell-switching protocol. supports the high speed transfer of voice, video and data in LANs, WANs, and telephone networks. it uses cells for a fixed size to transfer data |
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Term
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Definition
| high-performance, multi-service, switching technology. ensures faster switching of data than normal packet switching because it uses label switching |
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Term
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Definition
| can look at layer 2 attributes to make path determination more efficient |
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Term
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Definition
| a router adds a label to each incoming data packet. Other routers then forward the packets along predefined path, based in the label rather than on its destination IP address |
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Term
| why is MPLS known as multiprotocol |
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Definition
| transport different technologies and protocols such as IP, ATM, Frame relay, Synchronous Optical network-or SONET-and Ethernet over a common infrastructure |
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Term
| digital subscriber line (DSL) |
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Definition
| transmits data, video, and voice over existing phone lines |
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Term
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Definition
| uses PSTN lines to transmit voice and data simultaneously, unlike telephone signaling, these signals aren't converted to analog-they're transmitted as digital signals, is a channelized service and has two main interface modes-BRI and PRI |
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Term
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Definition
| s digital and packet switched system designed to carry multiplexing is a cost saving communication method |
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Term
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Definition
| used to transmit multiple digital data streams. it makes communications more scalable |
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Term
| two most common T-carrier circuits |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of the T-carrier system, which is a digital and packet-switched system designed to carry multiplexed telephone signals |
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Term
| Digital Signal Hierarchy (DSH) |
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Definition
| is a channelized data transmission standard used to multiplex several data or voice channels, allowing for greater total bandwidth |
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Term
| DSH defines a hierarchy of five specifications: DS0 |
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Definition
| carriers data at the rate of 64 kbps |
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Term
| DSH defines a hierarchy of five specifications: DS1 |
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Definition
| carriers data at the rate of 1.5 Mbps |
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Term
| DSH defines a hierarchy of five specifications: DS2 |
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Definition
| carriers data at the rate of 6.3 Mbps |
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Term
| DSH defines a hierarchy of five specifications: DS3 |
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Definition
| carriers data at the rate of 44.4 Mbps |
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Term
| DSH defines a hierarchy of five specifications: DS4 |
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Definition
| carriers data at the rate of 274.2 Mbps |
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Term
| synchronous optical network (SONET) |
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Definition
| is a standard for synchronous data transport over a fiber optic cable |
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Term
| Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) |
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Definition
| the European version of the SONET standard |
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Term
| Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) |
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Definition
| is a multiplexing technology that uses light wavelength to transmit data |
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Term
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Definition
| specifies the bandwidth for fiber optic transmissions. |
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Term
| passive optical network, PON |
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Definition
| is a point-to-multipoint optical network in which a single optical fiber can be split to serve more than one user |
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Term
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Definition
| supports high speed connections over a very large geographical distance, use line-of-sight (LOS) microwave transmission |
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Term
| worldwide interoperability microwave access (WiMAX) |
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Definition
| is a communication technology designed for delivering high-sped internet access to geographically large areas, operates in the wireless frequency ranges between 2 and 11 GHz |
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Term
| long term evolution (LTE) |
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Definition
| is a radio technology for wireless broadband access that's based on the GSM and HSPA technologies |
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Term
| high speed packet access (HSPA) |
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Definition
refers to a family of technologies that offers high-speed data services
in mobile networks |
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