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Comptia A+
tips on passing the a+ exam
141
Computer Networking
Professional
04/01/2012

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Cards

Term
What is POST
Definition
Power on Self Test
Term
What does CMOS stand for?
Definition
Complimentary Metal Oxide SemiConductor
Term
What does BIOS stand for?
Definition
Basic Input Output System
Term
What does PCI stand for?
Definition
Peripheral Comonent Interconnect?
Term
USB, Firewire and PCIe are all examples of what technology?
Definition
Serial
Term
AGP stands for?
Definition
Accelerated Graphics Port
Term
The faster PCIe slots connect directly to the MCH, otherwise known as the ?
Definition
Northbridge
Term
The lesser PCIe slots connect to ?
Definition
southbridge
Term
PCIe rates for version 1, 2 and 3 are?
Definition
250MB, 500MB and 1GB
Term
PCIe x 16 version 1 and 2 speeds are?
Definition
4GB and 8GB
Term
PCMCIA stands for?
Definition
Personal computer Memory card International Association
Term
How fast does IEEE 1394a (Firewir I.link) move data?
Definition
400Mbps
Term
How fast is USB?
Definition
480Mbs
Term
Name the 4 types of Motherboards..
Definition
ATX, MicroATx, BTx, Nlx
Term
What type of battery does the CMOS use?
Definition
CR2032
Term
what does LGA stand for?
Definition
Land Grid Array
Term
How does LGA differ from the older PGA style cpu sockets?
Definition
Land Grid Array sockets use lands that protrude out and touch the cpus contact points instead of Pin Grid Array cpus which the pins are placed insie the holes of the socket.
Term
what is hyper threading used for?
Definition
It enables a single CPU to accept and calculate two independent sets of instructions simultaneously, simulating two CPUS.
Term
What is the power consumption of CPUS called?
Definition
TDP - Thermal design point. It signifies the maximum power that the computers cooling system needs to dissipate heat generated by the CPU.
Term
What does SRAM stand for?
Definition
Static Random-Access memory. Faster than Dram and it doesn't need refreshing. Usually found in CPUs for cache.
Term
What s DRAM
Definition
Dynamic random-access memory, needs refreshing andneeds constant power to maintain memory.
Term
what is a unique character of SDRAM?
Definition
It is DRAM that is synchronized with the base clock of the motherboard.
Term
What are the typical SDRAM speeds?
Definition
66Mhz, 100mhz, and 133Mhz
Term
Today's ram is typically?
Definition
DDR SDRAM. Like Sdram, it is synchronized to the memory clock but it moves twice the data at the clock speed.
calculating ddr: clock speed x bytes x 2
example 100mhz x 8 x 2 = 16000MBs
Term
How many pins are in Sdram, DDR and DDR2?
Definition
168, 184, 240
Term
What's the difference between DDR2 and DDR3 ram?
Definition
both have 240 pins, but DDR3 is twice as fast and more efficient on lower power and voltage.
Term
What does CAS stand for and what's it's alternative name?
Definition
Column Address Strobe (aka Memory latency) occurs when a memory controller tries to access data from a memory module. The higher the CAS the slower the delay will be.
Term
What technology divides the RAM slots into colors?
Definition
Dual Channel.
Combines two banks of 64 to create 1 at 128
Term
What is the purpose of the MCH?
(Memory Controller Hub)
Definition
it is in charge of storing and retrieving data to and from RAM.
Term
What does GPF stand for and what is it?
Definition
General Protection Fault Error. It's when programs are trying to access the same ram/memory which results in this error.
Term
What should you use to keep the ac outlet voltage steady and "clean"?
Definition
UPS or line conditioner.
Term
True or False: You can attach a surge protector or power strip to one of the recepticles in the UPS?
Definition
False. It could over load the UPS making devices turn off faster since more are attached after power failure.
Term
Name the 4 types of power connectors on a power supply?
Definition
Molex, Mini (floppy), Sata and pCIe.
Term
The red wire on the molex connector retains what voltage?
Definition
5 volts and the yellow is 12.
Term
What connector is used to connect to a IDE drive?
Definition
molex.
Term
Which ATX Power supply connector contains both 20 pin and the 4 pin connector resulting a 24 pin connector?
Definition
ATx 12v 2.0
Term
What are the parts inside the HDD?
Definition
Platter, Spindle, Read/Write Head, Actuator Arm/Actuator Axis, and Actuator.
Term
How many pins are the Power connectors to a SATA and pins on the Data Connectors?
Definition
15 and 7.
Term
What are the data rates on Sata 1.5 and 3.0?
Definition
150MBS/s and 300MBS/s
Term
Newer SCSI chains can support up to __ devices.
Definition
16. 0-15 and controller normally gets ID 7. must be terminated.
Term
Older SCSI versions were based on Parallel but the new ones are based on Serial and hold up to 16 devices. What does SAS SCSI stand for?
Definition
Serial Attachd SCSI
Term
What are the minimum requirements to install Windows Vista?
Definition
800 mhz, 512mb, 15gb (20 gig partition)
dvd or cd rom drive.
Term
What command helps you prep the system incase you create a system image?
Definition
c:\Windows\System32\Sysprep\Sysprep

Creates a uniqu SID and makes other changes as needed to the network configuration of the system.
Term
What does the command line Winsat.exe do?
Definition
It runs an assessment of the system.

winsat formal will run a full test of the system while winsat cpu will only do the cpu
Term
Where are some of the error logs stored?
Definition
c:\windows\panther
c:\windows\inf
c:\windows\performance\wisat
Term
what's the value of the setuperr.log file in c:\Windows\Panther
Definition
It contains info about setup errors during the installation. Start with this file when troubleshooting. File size of 0 means no errors.
Term
What does setupact.log show?
Definition
Contains information about setup actions during the installation.
Term
What log files are used for installation in Windows xp?
Definition
c:\windows\setuperr.log
c:\windows\setuplog.txt
Term
In windows vista, how do you change the start menu to look like the classic menu?
Definition
Right click on the task bar and select properties, select Start Menu and select classic menu.
Term
How do you start the Microsoft Management Console Snap-In Control file, also known as a Microsoft Console at the run cmd?
Definition
compmgmt.msc
Term
How do you open a Microsoft Management Console at the run prompt?
Definition
mmc
Term
How can you open up the system properties hardware tab from the run command?
Definition
systempropertieshardware.exe
Term
How can you get to the device manager from the search bar or cmd prompt?
Definition
devmgmt.msc
Term
How do you update a driver in the device manager?
Definition
Right click on the device and select update / disable or install / scan for hardware changes..
Term
How can you open the System Information Tool in windows vista/7?
Definition
in the search bar or cmd prompt, type "msinfo32.exe"
Term
How can you check direct x drivers?
Definition
dxdiag at the cmd or search prompt.
Term
True or False: You can hot-swap a USB device?
Definition
True.
Term
how can you start the task manager?
Definition
Ctrl+alt+Esc
Ctrl+alt+del
right click on the taskbar
run prompt type "taskmgr"
Term
Where is the pagefile.sys file located?
Definition
c:\

Remember to unhide hidden files in order to see it.
Term
How can you optimize your virtual ram?
Definition
You can increase the size, you can copy it over to a different volume altogether or you can even stripe it across several volumes in a raid array.
Term
Where do you go to change the virtual ram?
Definition
Right click on Computer, select Advanced System Settings, select Performance tab, then select Virtual button named "change"
Term
How do you start services in Windows Vista/7?
Definition
net start [service] from a cmd prompt
Term
How do you enable Hibernation in windows vista from the cmd line?
Definition
powercfg.exe/hiberate on

turns it on.
Term
How do you disable hibernation from the commandline in Windows Vista?
Definition
powercfg.exe/hibernation off
Term
What is the difference between Standby (sleep) and hibernate?
Definition
Standby puts the computer into a powered down state, keeping the programs info in ram and the processor is still running. Hibernation effectively shuts the computer off but writes the ram into a file called the hiberfil.sys.
Term
How can you transfer the user's "state" in windows vista?
Definition
search prompt type "windows easy transfer". The user state is the user's photos, emails, settings, etc.
Term
what are the 5 Registry Hives?
Definition
Hkey_Classes_Root
Hkey_Local_Machine
Hkey_Current_User
Hkey_User
Hkey_Current_Config
Term
What does Hkey_Classes_Root do?
Definition
Stores info about applications file associates and Object linking and Embedding. (OLE)
Term
What is Hkey_Current_User
Definition
Stores settings of the current user logged in.
Term
What is Hkey_Users
Definition
Stores data corresponding to all users who have ever logged on to the computer.
Term
What is Hkey_Local_Machine
Definition
Stores hardware and software settings to the specific computer.
Term
What is Hkey_Current_Config
Definition
Contais information that is gathered every time the computer starts up
Term
How do you send a Remote Assistance invitation in Windows Vista?
Definition
Start - Help and Support button and then selecting Windows Remote Assistance link.
Term
Whats the difference between Remote Assistance and Remote Desktop?
Definition
Remote Assistance invites someone you trust to work on your computer where as Remote Desktop physically takes control of the user's computer.
Term
%systemroot% is also known as what?
Definition
C:\Windows
Term
Where are the core operating system files located?
Definition
C:\Windows\system32
Term
Where is the boot configuration data stored at?
Definition
c:\boot
Term
Where are offline files located?
Definition
c:\Windows\CSC
Term
What takes place of windows NTLDR in windows Vista?
Definition
Bootmgr
Term
What is Vista's successor to boot.ini?
Definition
bcd (boot configuration data)
Term
What 3 files are required to start Windows XP?
Definition
Ntldr, boot.ini and Ntdetect.com
Term
cd / md / rd
Definition
formerly chdir, mkdir, and rmdir
Term
how can you create 3 directories or more in one command line?
Definition
md folder1; folder2; folder3;
Term
Raid 0
Definition
Striping. no fault 2 disks minimum
Term
Raid 1
Definition
Mirroring. fault tolerant: yes: minimum 2
Term
Raid 5
Definition
disk striping with parity, fault tolerant yes: 3 minimum
Term
What are theAdvanced Boot Options?
Definition
Safe mode
Safe Mode with networking
Safe Mode with Command Prompt
Enable Boot logging
Enable Low-resolution video
Last Known Good Configuration
Directory Services Restore Mode
Debugging Mode
Disable Automtic system on System failure
Disable Driver signature enforcement (Vista Only)
Start Windows Normally
Term
What boot option does "Disable automatic system on system failure" do?
(Vista only)
Definition
Prevents Windows from automatically restarting if an error causes Windows to fail.
Term
What does disable driver signature enforcement on Vista's Advanced boot options do?
Definition
Enables drivers containing imporoper signatures to be installed.
Term
Advanced boot options: What does Directory Services Restore Mode do?
Definition
restores a domain controllers active directory. Even though it's listed, it's not used in windows vista/xp/2000. useful for servers.
Term
What does WinRE stand for?
Definition
Windows Recovery Environment
Term
If you install WinRE onto a special area of the hard drive you will see what option in the Boot Options?
Definition
Repair your computer.
If it wasn't installed, you'll boot to your DVD and run it from there.
Term
What are the 5 options available when you boot to the WinRE System Recovery menu?
Definition
Startup-Repair
System Restore
Windows Complete PC Restore
Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool
Command prompt
Term
How can you repair a missing or corrupt windows boot manager (bootmgr) or bcd in windows vista / 7 startup repair?
Definition
1) Select Starup Repair Option
2) Command prompt: type
bootrec /rebuildcd
Term
What option starts the system with a minimal set of drivers?
Definition
Safe Mode
Term
What tool should be used if a person wanted to do Startup Repair in Windows Vista?
Definition
WinRE
Term
What switch should be ued to install the Recovery Console to a hard drive?
Definition
/cmdcons
Term
What command repairs the bootmgr.exe file in Windows Vista?
Definition
bootrec /fixboot
Term
What tool should be used to fix the NTLDR if it is missing or corrupt?
Definition
The Recovery Console
Term
What does a RED X mean on a device ?
Definition
That it has been disabled.
Term
Name the 3 types of logs generated by the Event Viewer?
Definition
Security, Application and System
Term
Name the first 3 steps of troubleshooting?
Definition
Identify the problem.
Establish a theory of probable cause
Test the theory
Term
Name the last 3 steps of troubleshooting?
Definition
Establish a plan of action to resolve the probelm and implement the solution
Verify
Document
Term
What does a yellow exclamation mean in the device manager?
Definition
Incorrect driver.
Term
Which log file in the Event Viewer contains information concerning auditng?
Definition
security
Term
What is the result of a Stop Error?
Definition
BSOD - BLUE SCREEN OF DEEEAATTTHHH!!
Term
What tools could be used to restore a computer?
Definition
Complete PC Backup
ASR (automatic system restore)
System Restore
Term
What is a utility that checks protected system files?
Definition
sfc /scannow
sfc /scanonce checks your protected files at the beginning of your next startup
Term
what commandline tool is the Windows counterpart of the disk management program?
Definition
diskpart
Term
what command line tool can you use to copy large amounts of data ?
Definition
xcopy d:\*.*/e/f e:\
e switch = folders and subs copied
f switch = full source / dest 2 b copied
Term
what command line tool allows you to edit or create text files?
Definition
edit
Term
what does the term ARC stand for?
Definition
Advanced RISC computing path
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\Windows="Windows xp" /fastdetect /noexecute=optin example
Term
What can you do in a command line with the file "ntoskrnl.ex_" ?
Definition
c:>expand d:\i386\ntoskrnl.ex_ c:\windows\system32\ntoskrnl.exe
DECOMPRESSES ex_ files!! :)
Term
In vista what are the 4 bootrec command options?
Definition
bootrec /fixboot
bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /rebuildbcd
bootrec /ScanOs
Term
A stuck key error can usually make the bios give you what kind of error number?
Definition
3xx
Term
an LCD screen on a notepad gets it's power from what?
Definition
an inverter
Term
How can you tell lamp / inverter in a lcd has burnt out on a lamp top?
Definition
shine a flash light onto the screen, if you can see windows, then you know the inverter/lamp is bad.
Term
What is PC CARD Type 1 used for?
Definition
3.3 mm thick
RAM, FLASH MEMORY 20MB/s
Term
What is PC Card Type II used for
Definition
5mm thick
Network Adapters, modems
Term
What is PC Card Type III used for?
Definition
10.5mm thick
Hard drives
Term
Name 3 Expansion busses:
Definition
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCIe PCI Express
AGP Accelerated Graphics Port
Term
Name the 5 video connector types:
Definition
VGA - Video Graphics Array
DVI - Digital Visual Interface
HDMI - Hi Def Multimedia Interface
S-Video
Component/RGB
Term
What type of ram is found in most video cards today?
Definition
DDR2 and DDR3
Term
Video card ram is also known as GDDR which stands for?
Definition
Graphics Double Data Rate
Term
What does LCD stand for?
Definition
Liquid Crystal display
Term
What does CRT stand for?
Definition
Cathode Ray Tube
Term
What does TFT stand for?
Definition
Thin Film Transistor (active matrix display used in most LCDs today)
Term
How do you change the resolution in Windows Vista/7?
Definition
Right click on the screen and select Personalize. Click Display Settings and then Advanced settings and click the Monitor.
Term
How do you change the dislay in Windows Xp?
Definition
Right click the desktop and select properties
Term
What is Dual View?
Definition
In Windows, it extends the view across several monitors.
Term
What is the blue input used for on the soundcard?
Definition
Line Input
Term
What is the Green input used for on a sound card?
Definition
Speakers
Term
What is the black input on a sound card used for?
Definition
Surround sound speakers (back)
Term
What is the grey input used for on a sound card?
Definition
Output for surround sound 7.1
Term
What is the orange input used for on a sound card?
Definition
center speaker/subwoofer
Term
What is the pink input on a soundcard used for?
Definition
microphone in
Term
What standard is followed by most sound card manufacturers for the colors of the 1/8 mini-jacks
Definition
pc 99
Term
What is the speed of a USB 2.0
Definition
480Mbps
Term
What is the maximum amount of usb devices on a pc?
Definition
127
Term
What type of USB connector is normally found on a desktop or laptop pc?
Definition
type a
Term
What is the maximum speed of a ieee 1394a ?
Definition
400Mbps
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