Term
|
Definition
| any chemical substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the body to produce specific antibodies and/or specific cells (T cells), which can react with the antigen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - protein produced by body in response to presence of antigen and capable of combining specifically with the antigen; antibodies belong to group of proteins called immunoglobulins; 5 classes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms lymphocytes before birth; produces and distributes T cells involved in cell-mediated immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Defense - protection by phagocytosis by reticuloendothelial cells and antibody formation by some lymphocytes
• Hemopoiesis of nongranular leukocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes) and of rbc before birth
• Red blood cell and platelet destruction
• Blood reservoir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| filter out injurious substances and phagocytose them; site of formation of lymphocytes and monocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| redness, pain, heat, and swelling; fifth can be loss of function in injured area |
|
|
Term
| Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity - |
|
Definition
| effective against bacterial and viral infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outer coat (tunica adventitia or externa) • Muscle coat (tunica media) • Lining (tunica intima) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same three coats but thinner and fewer elastic fibers (Thinner walls and not as many muscle fibers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Erythrocytes
• Structure and functions |
|
Definition
| Molecules of hemoglobin inside each rbc makes possible function of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defense or protection (phagocytosis, exhibit diapedesis, produce antibodies) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood coagulation and hemostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superior and Inferior Vena Cave
-Right Atrium
-Tricuspid valve
-Right Ventricle
-Semilunar valve
-Pulmonary Artery
-Lungs
-Pulmonary Vein
-left Atrium
-Bicuspid Valve
-Left Ventricle
-Semilunar valve
-Aorta
-Body back to beginning! |
|
|
Term
| Pathway of the conduction system |
|
Definition
| sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Perception of Sensory information
Motor areas control execution of voluntary movements, association areas deal with more complex integrative functions such as memory, personality traits, and intelligence. Helps initiates and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements, and regulate muscle tone. Limbic system promotes range of emotions, including pleasure, pain, docility, affection, fear and anger. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Relays sensory impulses from cord to cerebral cortex
• Registers crude sensations of pain, temperature, and touch
• Emotions of pleasantness or unpleasantness associated with sensations
• Part of pathway for arousal or alerting and for complex reflex movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine and include
– All sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
– All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
– Some sympathetic postganglionic neurons (sweat glands and certain blood vessels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Umami-savoring (MSG-has a lot of!!), bitter (back), salt (front sides), sweet (tip), sour (sides) and all other tastes are fusion of these or olfactory stimulation (ex. Better smell, better taste!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of proteins called crystallins and held in place by suspensory ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ; equalizes pressure on both sides of eardrum; open when yawning or swallowing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Contains rod and cone receptor cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amplify sound waves and transduce auditory information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aid in amplification of vibration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Those canals contain a fluid that tells you your position in space. Equilibrium |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| responsible for stimulation of "rest-and-digest" activities that occur when the body is at rest |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| is responsible for stimulating activities associated with the fight-or-flight response. |
|
|
Term
| Neurotransmitters involved with Parasympathetic and Sympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basic Unit of the Nervous System |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conscious awareness and interpretation of sensations (interprets what sensation means) |
|
|
Term
| • Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors [tactile (Merkel) discs] |
|
Definition
| Slow adapting:receptors for touch and discriminative touch |
|
|
Term
| Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors (end organs of Ruffini or Ruffini corpuscles) |
|
Definition
| Slowly adapting detect heavy and continuous touch sensations; sensitive to stretching as digits or limbs are moved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects receptor with spinal cord and medulla on same side of body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conducts from medulla to thalamus - axon decussates; so one side of brain registers mainly sensations for opposite side of body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conducts from thalamus to somesthetic sensory area of cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increases the speed of transmissions across the axon.
The main purpose of myelin is to cover neuron cells so that it can conduct action potential more quickly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Allowing nutrients and waste products to enter/leave the neurone.
Allowing nerve impulses to move along the neurone through a process of
de-polarisation and re-polarisation of the nerve membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potential across nonconducting neurons’ plasma membrane (-70 mV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potential across membrane of an active (conducting) neuron; also known as nerve impulse; involves depolarization and repolarization |
|
|
Term
| How can an impulse be transmitted into a synapse? |
|
Definition
| Electrical, Chemical, Heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two or more neurons that conduct impulses from periphery to spinal cord or brain stem and back to periphery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflex is fast response to changes (stimuli) in internal or external environment allowing the body to maintain homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains sensory and motor tracts. Regulates heart beat and blood vessel diameter. Regulates Breathing. Adjust motor activities when learning new skills. Coordinate vomiting swallowing sneezing coughing and hiccuping. Reticular formation functions in consiousness and arousal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers in medulla vital in control of heartbeat, blood pressure, and respiration
• Centers for reflexes of swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and hiccuping
• Important for maintaining equilibrium
• Centers for cranial nerves VIII-XII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Synergic control of skeletal muscles
• Mediates postural and equilibrium reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Relays sensory impulses from cord to cerebral cortex
• Registers crude sensations of pain, temperature, and touch
• Emotions of pleasantness or unpleasantness associated with sensations
• Part of pathway for arousal or alerting and for complex reflex movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major regulator of homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls and integrates activities of autonomic nervous system. Produces hormones, including releasing hormones, inhibiting hormones, oxytocin, and ADH. Regulates emotional and behavioral patterns. Contains feeding and satiety centers, thirst center, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Controls body temperature by serving as body's thermostat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collect urine and drain it into bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reservoir for urine
• Expels urine from body by way of urethra (called micturition, urination, or voiding)
• Retention - inability to expel urine from bladder; suppression - failure of kidneys to form urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Male - passageway for expulsion of urine and semen
• Female - passageway for expulsion of urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and regulation of blood pressure (via maintaining salt and water balance). They serve the body as a natural filter of the blood, and remove wastes which are diverted to the urinary bladder. In producing urine, the kidneys excrete wastes such as urea and ammonium, and they are also responsible for the reabsorption of water, glucose, and amino acids. The kidneys also produce hormones |
|
|
Term
| 3 steps of urine formation |
|
Definition
1) Filtration of water and solutes out of glomerular blood through glomerular-capsular membrane into Bowman’s capsule (Everything moves but plasma protein and blood cells)
• 2)Reabsorption of most of water and part of solutes from tubule filtrate into peritubular blood
Secretion-Opposite of re absorption |
|
|
