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Comparitive Anatomy Unit 8: Brain
Dr. Cross's Unit 8 sectionof the Brain of MU Undergraduate Anatomy
81
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
07/12/2011

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Term
what ceparates the two cerebral hemispheres?
Definition
longitudinal cerebral fissure
Term
"grey matter"
Definition
neuron cell bodies and supportive cells
Term
corona radiata
Definition
deep to the cortex/white matter that is composed of neuron processes
Term
gyri
Definition
the outward or convex folds
Term
sulci
Definition
the inward to concave folds
Term
lissencephaly; in what animals
Definition
gyri of the cerebrum are not distinct: rodents and birds
Term
4 lobes of the brain
Definition
frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
Term
three sections of the cerebral cortex
Definition
paleopallium, neopallium, archipallium or cortex instead of pallium in each instance
Term
paleopallium
Definition
olfactory peduncle
Term
neopallium
Definition
external surface gyri
Term
archipallium
Definition
older olfactory that became the hippocampus
Term
rhinencephalon
Definition
rostral projection of the telencephalon that is the oldest part of the brain with the olfactory bulb
Term
tracts of the rhinecephalon control what?
Definition
autonomic functions, emotion and memory
Term
corpus collosum
Definition
tissue connecting two cerebral hemispheres
Term
hippocampus
Definition
internal gyrus~seahorse~associated with memory, instinct, emotion and rage
Term
internal capsule
Definition
contains fibers that are b/t the telencephalon and the diencephalon
Term
most rostral part of the brainstem
Definition
diencephalon
Term
diencephalon+telencephalon=
Definition
forebrain
Term
three divisions of the dencephalon
Definition
epithalamus, thalamus and hypothalamus
Term
the peneal gland is included in what part of the brain?
Definition
epithalamus
Term
epithalamus
Definition
area located dorsal and caudal to the thalamus
Term
pineal gland
Definition
produces melatonin controning the sleep-wake cycle
Term
largest part of the diencephalon
Definition
thalamus
Term
the connection b/t the two halves of the thalamus
Definition
interthalamic adhesion
Term
thalamus function
Definition
relay center for peripheral sensory information from the cerebellum and basal ganglia
Term
hypothalamus function
Definition
controling autonomic nervous system and behavior (growth, food/water intake, repro, circadian rhythm, body temp and stress)
Term
mamillary bodies
Definition
contain nuclei of the hypothalamus that connects the hippocampus to the midbrain
Term
tegmentum
Definition
red nuclei, substnatia nigra and the nuclei of several cranial nerves
Term
crus cerebri
Definition
descending tracts of processes from the cerebrum to the brain stem
Term
corpora quadrigemina
Definition
4 dorsal bulges: rostral colliculi with visual and caudal colliculi with auditory
Term
crebellum (dorsally) and pons (ventrally)=
Definition
metencephalon
Term
dorsal, coliflower part of the metencephalon
Definition
cerebellum
Term
arbor vitae
Definition
white matter of the cerebellum
Term
folia
Definition
laminae on the surface of the cerebellum
Term
vermis
Definition
narrow ridge of cortex separating the lateral cerebellar hemispheres
Term
purkinje fibers are located where?
Definition
cerebellar cortex
Term
what does the crebellum monitor?
Definition
proproceptive, visual, tactile, balance, fine muscle movement and auditory sensory info
Term
the pons is the origin of which CNn?
Definition
5-8
Term
the pons connects what brain structures?
Definition
cerebellum to brainstem and forebrain to spinal cord
Term
what does the pons control?
Definition
respiration
Term
part of the central nervous system that is continuous wiht the spinal cord
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
trapezoid body
Definition
band of fibers continuous with CN 8 and cochlear nuclei
Term
pyramids
Definition
pair of longitudinal fiber bundles on either side of the median plane
Term
trapezoid body and pyramids are found where?
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
the MO regulates what with what CNn?
Definition
heart rate, blood flow and respiration; 8-12
Term
meninges
Definition
three membranes of CT that cover the brain and spinal cord
Term
pia mater
Definition
inner most minige layer adherent to the nervous tissue forming a sheath around blood vessels
Term
arachoide
Definition
central menine layer consisting of delicate arachnoid trabeculae around blood vessels supplying the pia mater
Term
pia mater+arachnoid=
Definition
leptomeninges
Term
subarachnoid space
Definition
space b/t the pia mater and the arachnoid
Term
dura mater
Definition
thickest menige layer and most superficial
Term
tentorium cerebelli
Definition
transverse fold of dur mater b/t the cerebrum and cerebellum
Term
falx cerebri
Definition
fold of dura mater b/t the cerebral hemisphers
Term
dural sinuses
Definition
areas within the skull where the dura splits into 2 layers
Term
epidural space
Definition
where the dura is separated from the periosteum
Term
the four ventricle swithin the brain ar lined by what cells?
Definition
ependymal
Term
choroid plexus
Definition
mass of pia mater, ependymal cells and blood vessels that prod cerebrospinal fluid
Term
where are the ventricles inside the brain?
Definition
one on each hemisphere; in the diencephalon and on the cuadal surface of the pons
Term
is the dura mater attached to the bone of the vertebral canal?
Definition
no
Term
filum terminale
Definition
where the arachnoid and pia mater extend beyond the end of the spinal cord and anchor it to the sacral vertebrae
Term
conus medullaris
Definition
where the spinal cord tapers
Term
conus medullaris
Definition
where the spinal cord begins
Term
cervical intumescence
Definition
widening in the 5-7th C vertebrae
Term
lumbar intumescence
Definition
second widening in the midlumbar region
Term
brachial plexus
Definition
6-8th cervical nerves and 1st and 2nd T spinal nerves
Term
lumbosacral plexus in the pelvic limb is formed by what?
Definition
the ventral brances of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves
Term
the central gray matter of the spinal cord is often described as what shape why?
Definition
butterfly b/c of dorsal, lateral and ventral horns
Term
what is in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord grey matter
Definition
somatic and visceral afferent nerves
Term
what is in the ventral horns of the spinal cord grey matter
Definition
somatic and visceral efferent nerves
Term
funiculus
Definition
cord sturcture
Term
ascending tracts of the spinal cord carry what?
Definition
sensory info
Term
descending tracts of the spinal cord carry what?
Definition
moter impulses
Term
the dorsal funiculus contians bundles what type of fibers carrying what info?
Definition
afferent about the body's position
Term
receptors for the dorsal funiculus are where?
Definition
joints, tnedons and muscles
Term
spinocerebellar tracts in the lateral funiculus carry what?
Definition
proprioceptive info to the cerebellum
Term
spinothalamic tracts carry what?
Definition
pain info in the lateral and ventral funiculi to the brainstem and cerebral cortex
Term
where are motor nerve tracts
Definition
the ventromedial and dorsolateral motor systems
Term
ventromedial motor system
Definition
in the ventral funiculus and affects activity in the axial and proximal limb muscles
Term
where does the lateral vestibulospinal tract originate?
Definition
pons and MO
Term
dorsolateral motor system effects what?
Definition
distal limb musces, especially the flexors
Term
the most prominent of nerve tracts in the dorsolateral motor system is what?
Definition
rubrospinal tract from the midbrain
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