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Comparitive Anatomy Unit 6 pt 1
Dr. Cross's first part of Unit 6 of MU Undergraduate Anatomy
155
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
06/27/2011

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Term
what organ is involved with regulating the composition of plasma?
Definition
kidneys
Term
the ventral surface of the kidney is covered by what?
Definition
peritoneum
Term
because the kidneys are covered in peritoneum, they are termed what?
Definition
retroperitoneal
Term
the left/right kidney is more cranial
Definition
right
Term
in relation to the vertebre in a dog, the right kidney is where?
Definition
below the first 3 lumbar vertebrea
Term
in relation to the vertebrea in a dog, the left kidney is where?
Definition
below the 2ed to 4th L vertebrea
Term
the left/right kidney in a dog is recessed within the liver
Definition
right
Term
the expanded part of the ureter in the kidney
Definition
renal pelvis
Term
where urin from the collecting ducts drains in the kidney
Definition
renal pelvis
Term
what animal has no renal pelvis of the kidney?
Definition
cattle
Term
fat-filled thing surrounding the renal pelvis
Definition
renal sinus
Term
the ourter layer of the kidney with the medulla immediately around the renal pelvis
Definition
renal cortex
Term
cup like sturcture inside the nephron
Definition
bowman's capsule
Term
capillary bed within the bowman's capsule
Definition
glomerulus
Term
bowmna's capsule + glomerulus =
Definition
renal corpuscle
Term
fromt he renal corpuscle, the tuble that leades to the loop of henle
Definition
proximal convolutued tubule
Term
the convoluted tubule leads to what?
Definition
the loop of henle
Term
what does the loop of henle become?
Definition
distal convoluted tuble
Term
where does the distal convoluted tubles empty to?
Definition
collecting ducts
Term
medullary part of the kidney is aka
Definition
the renal pyrmid
Term
apex of the renal pyramid
Definition
renal papilla
Term
cuplike diverticula of the common collecting spaces in the ox and pig
Definition
minor calyces
Term
there are 2 drnal Aa that recieve up to __ of the total cardiac output
Definition
1/4
Term
the interlobar Aa of the kidney bend to become what Aa?
Definition
arcuate
Term
each afferent arteriole branches to become what in the kidney?
Definition
glomeruli
Term
an efferent arteriole in the kidney does what?
Definition
leaves the glomerulus
Term
what suspends the ureter in the body?
Definition
mesoureter
Term
the area where the ureter enters the urinary bladder
Definition
tigone
Term
the three layers of the ureter
Definition
adventitia, smooth muscle, and mucosa
Term
the neck/apex of the urinary bladder is continuous with the urethera
Definition
neck
Term
what is initiated whtn certain volumbe of the uriniary bladder is reached?
Definition
micturition
Term
M that contracts the bladder
Definition
detrusor
Term
Nn that innervate the bladder
Definition
hypogastric, pelvic, and pudendal
Term
blood supply to the bladder
Definition
vaginal/prostatic A and cranial vesical A
Term
what type of epithelium is present in the ureters, bladder and urethra?
Definition
transitional
Term
epithelium that thins as the organ stretches
Definition
transitional
Term
the serosa of the urinary bladder includes remants of what?
Definition
fetal development
Term
the lateral visical legaments contain remants of what?
Definition
umbilical arteries
Term
the muscular tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior
Definition
urethra
Term
section from the bladder to the ischial arch
Definition
pelvic urethra
Term
what M surrounds the pelvic urethra and acts as a sphincter?
Definition
urethralis M
Term
the pelvic urethra is long in what animal?
Definition
female dog
Term
where is the urethral tubercle in a bitch?
Definition
vestibuleovaginal junction
Term
in the female, the urethra follows the pelvic symphisis to open where?
Definition
on the floor of the vestibule
Term
in a female/male the urethra is longer
Definition
male
Term
proximally, which glands join the urethra?
Definition
accessory sex glands
Term
the pelvic urethra continues through the penis as what?
Definition
penile urethra
Term
technical name for bladder stones
Definition
uroliths
Term
in what species are the testes located internally?
Definition
cetaceans, elephants and birds
Term
contains blood vessels, nerves, lyphatics and the ductus deferens of the testes
Definition
spermatic cord
Term
the spermatic cord and testes are invested with peritoneum called what?
Definition
vaginal tunic
Term
ST
Definition
semininferous tubles
Term
TA
Definition
tunica albuginea
Term
dence connective tissue surrounding the semininferous tubules
Definition
tunica albuginea
Term
what makes up the bulk of the testis
Definition
seminiferous tubules
Term
what leads to the efferent tubles?
Definition
rete testis
Term
the efferent tubles merge to form what?
Definition
epididymis
Term
cells located in the CT b/t the ST
Definition
interstitial/ leydig cells
Term
what produce testosterone?
Definition
leydig cells
Term
cells within the ST
Definition
sustentacular /sertoli cells
Term
produce inhibin
Definition
sertoli cells
Term
provide nourishment for developing sperm
Definition
sertoli cells
Term
thing with the functions of maturation, trnasport, storange and concentration of sperm
Definition
epididymus
Term
part of th epididymus that connects to efferent ductules of the testies
Definition
head/ caput
Term
part of the epididymis that is located on the long axis of the testis
Definition
body/ corpus
Term
part of the epidiymis that continues as the ductus deferens
Definition
tail/ cauda
Term
all the ligaments of the testes are remnants of what?
Definition
gubernaculum testis
Term
the proper ligament of the testis is b/t what?
Definition
the tail of the epididymis and the tesis
Term
ligament of the tail of the epieieymis is b/t what?
Definition
tail of the epjidiymis and th parietal lamina
Term
the scrotal ligament is b/t what?
Definition
tunica darots and lig of the tail of the epidid.
Term
muscular tube connecting the tail of the epidiymis to the urethera
Definition
ductus deferens
Term
what has the function to propel sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
Definition
ductus deferens
Term
the two ductus deferens are encased in paratoneum called what?
Definition
genital fold
Term
a vestigial homologue of the urerus in the genital fold
Definition
uterus masculinus
Term
thin pliable skin that is relatively hairless
Definition
scrotum
Term
fibroelastic layer of the scrotum with smooth muscle fibers
Definition
tunica daartos
Term
TD
Definition
tunica dartos
Term
what originates from the TD to divide the scrotum into 2 compartments
Definition
scrotal septum
Term
what contracts to pull the testes closer to the body?
Definition
tunica dartos
Term
what M acts to draw the testis closer to the body?
Definition
cremaster
Term
a mass of blood vessels that create a coutercurrent heat exchange mechanism
Definition
paminiform plexus
Term
ring b/t the caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique M and the deep face of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique M
Definition
deep inguinal ring
Term
ring that is simply a slit in the aponeurosis of the eternal abdominal oblique M
Definition
superficial inguinal ring
Term
what cord, A and N pass through the inguinal rings?
Definition
spermatic, external pudendal A and genitofermoral N
Term
the space b/t the deep and superficial inguinal rigns
Definition
inguinal canal
Term
passage from the abdominal cavity to the exterior of the body
Definition
ingunial canal
Term
functions of the accessory sex glands in a male
Definition
1. seminal fluid
2. buffer to female acidic enviromnent
3. nutrients for sperm
Term
glandular enlagements associated with the terminal part of the dutus deferens
Definition
ampullae
Term
what male animal has no ampullae?
Definition
boar
Term
paired glands associated with the genital fold
Definition
vesicular glands
Term
vesicular glands are absent in what species?
Definition
cats and dogs
Term
what is the shape of the vesticular glands in stallions
Definition
pearl shaped and hollow
Term
what is the shape of the vesicular glands in a bull, ram and boar?
Definition
lobulated and large
Term
unpaired gland that almost surrounds the pelvic urethra
Definition
prostate
Term
gland that produces an alkaline secration
Definition
prostate
Term
paired glands on either side of the urethra cranial to the ischial arch but caudal to the other accessory sex glands
Definition
bulbourethral glands
Term
bulbourethral glands are espicially large in what animal, absent in what animal and vestigial in what animal?
Definition
boar; dog; cat
Term
what are the three divisions of the penis?
Definition
1. crura
2. body
3. glands
Term
paired colums of erectile tissue
Definition
corpora cavernosa
Term
layer of heavy fibroelastic tissue around the penis
Definition
corpra cavernosa
Term
paired representations of the proximal parts of the corpra cavernosa
Definition
crura
Term
erectile tissue on ventral midline containing the urethra
Definition
corpus spongiosum
Term
the proximal part of the corpus spongiosum is aka
Definition
bulb of the penis
Term
"S" curve in ruminants and swine which straightens during erection
Definition
sigmoid flexure
Term
the glans of the cat penis is covered with what?
Definition
keratinized spines
Term
invaginated fold of skin that surrounds the free extremity of penis
Definition
prepuce
Term
what is responsible for boar smell?
Definition
diverticulum dorsal to peputial orific that collects urine, dead cells and secretions
Term
striated M associated with the pelvic urethra
Definition
urethralis M
Term
M that serves as a sphincter of the urinary bldder in males
Definition
urethralis M
Term
M that is continuation of urethralis M but is extrapelvic
Definition
bulbospngiosus M
Term
M that empties the urethra by peristalitic contractions
Definition
bulbospongiosus M
Term
paired, striated Mm covering the superficial aspcet of the crura
Definition
ischiocavernosus Mm
Term
Mm that originate on ischial arch and cotnraction pulls the penis agains bony pelvis
Definition
ischiocavernosus Mm
Term
paired smooth muscle originating from the ventral aspect of the 1st caudal vertebra and continue on the midline of the penis
Definition
retractor penis Mm
Term
branch of abdominal aorta and forms the pampiniform plexus
Definition
testicular A
Term
three a of the male repro anatomy
Definition
1. testicular A
2. eternal pudenal
3. internal pudendal
Term
SNS/PSNS controls erection, while SNS/PSNS control ejacualtion
Definition
PSNS; SNS
Term
a cord=like structure that extends from teh fetal testis to the scrotum
Definition
gubernaculum
Term
the potential space surrounding the spermatic cord is what, then around the testis is called what?
Definition
vaginal canal; vaginal cavity
Term
female endocrine and cytogenic organs
Definition
ovaries
Term
4 hormones produced by the overies
Definition
1. progesterone
2. estrogen
3. inhibin
4. oxytocin
Term
what are the shape of the ovaries in a mare?
Definition
kidney shaped
Term
outer layer of the ovarey
Definition
tunica albuginea
Term
what, besides shape, is different about a mare's ovaries?
Definition
the cortex and medulla are reversed
Term
what is the indention of the mare's ovary called?
Definition
ovulation fossa
Term
what is special about a mare's ovualtion?
Definition
only ovulate from one spot: ovulation fossa
Term
what is a cohort of follicles?
Definition
a group of oocytes hormonally stimulated to develop
Term
plytocous
Definition
liter bearer
Term
follicles that degenerate become what?
Definition
atretic
Term
pre-ovulatory follicle =
Definition
tertiary or graffian follicle
Term
the CL produces which hormone?
Definition
progesterone
Term
ovarian senescence occurs when?
Definition
when the ovaries no longer produce follicles
Term
part of the mesenery or broad ligament supporing the ovaries
Definition
mesoovarium
Term
if the follicle fills with blood after ovulation, it is termed
Definition
corpus hemorrhagicum
Term
the CH regoanized to form?
Definition
CL
Term
when a CL degenerates, it forms a scar called...
Definition
corpus albicans
Term
short ligament b/t the ovary and uterine tube.
Definition
proper lig.
Term
caudal, thick walled segment of the uterus
Definition
cervix
Term
uterine opening of the cervix=
Definition
internal uterine orifice
Term
vaginal opeing to the cervix =
Definition
external uterine orifice
Term
uterine tube =
Definition
oviducts
Term
fan-shaped cranial end covering the ovary
Definition
infundibulum
Term
fingerrlike projections of the infundibulum that act to guide the ovum into the oviduct
Definition
fimbriae
Term
middle section of the oviduct
Definition
ampulla
Term
where is the side of fertilization?
Definition
ampulla
Term
short terminal section of the oviduct with a less secretory mucosa
Definition
isthmus
Term
the connection of the uterine tube with the uterus
Definition
uterotubal junction
Term
part of brad ligament that supports the uterine tube
Definition
mesosalpinx
Term
the site of placental attachment in ruminants
Definition
caruncles
Term
the myometrium function to caus contractions of the uterus to do what 3 things?
Definition
1. move sperm
2. expel fetus
3. clear uterus after breeding
Term
serosa surrounding the uterus
Definition
perimetrium
Term
cervix is only open during what
Definition
estrous
Term
what species has vaginal mucous membrane with glands?
Definition
cow
Term
what supplies the caudal uterus, cervix and vagina with blood?
Definition
vaginal A
Term
what Nn innervate the mare repro tract?
Definition
hypogastric, caudal mesenteric ganglion, sacral spinal segments, pudendal nerve, perineal nerves
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