Term
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Definition
| Flat area of the scapula above the spine. Origin of the Supraspinous muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flat area of the scapula below the spine. Origin of the Infraspinous muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bony outgrowth of the spinous process of the scapula, directly above the glenoid cavity. |
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Term
| Supra/Infraglenoid Tubercule |
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Definition
| Small bony outgrowths dorsal and ventral to the glenoid cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brachium. The arm! Attaches proximally to the scapula in the humero-scapular joint which is a synovial joint. Has a capsule that thicken laterally and medially to form the L/M gleno-humeral ligaments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bony ridges on the humerus. THe greater tubercule is larger and runs laterally to the head, the lesser tubercule is smaller and runs medially to the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small ridge on the medial side of the humerus shaft. Insertion site of the teres major and minor, which are forelimb extensors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bony ridge (larger than the teres tuberosity) on the medial humeral shaft. Insertion site for the deltoideus muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Distal-most portion of the humerus, split into a medial and lateral epicondyle. Between the epicondyles is the olecranon fossa and the radial fossa. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus. Fits the olecranon of the ulna. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Medial, flat bone of the distal forelimb. Along with the ulna, it attaches proximally to the humerus in the humero-radio ulnar joint (the elbow). Attaches distally to the carpus in the antebrachio-carpal joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral-ish bone of the antebrachium. Fused to the radius in some species. Proximally attached to the humerus in the humero-radio-ulnar joint (elbow) and distally to the carpus in the antebrachio-carpus joint. |
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Term
| Medial/Lateral Coronoid process |
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Definition
| Processes of the ulna: surround the head of the radius at point of articulation. |
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Term
| Medial/lateral styloid process |
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Definition
| Distal aspects of the radius and ulna respectively. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process directly proximal to the trochlear notch. |
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Term
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Definition
| Notch in the proximal ulna (between the anconeus process and the two coronoid processes. Site of articulation with the trochlear groove of the humerus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radial, Ulnar, Intermediate, and Acessroy. Radial and Ulnar carpal bones fused in the dog and cat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bones of the carpus I-IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small bones embedded in ligaments for support. Including the proximal (between metacarpals and phalanges: metacarpophalangeal joint) and distal (P1 and P2: proximal interphalangeal joint) of the manus/podus. Also the patella and fabellae of the knee, and the navicular bone in horses and cows. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vestigial first digit: common on the forelimb of dogs and cats, sometimes missing from the hind limbs. |
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Term
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Definition
1- Spinous Process
2- Cranial Articular Process (in Lumbar Vertebrae includes Mammilary Process)
3- Transverse Process
4- Body
5- Accessory Process (slightly dorsal to arrow)
6- Arch
7- Caudal Articular Process |
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Term
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Definition
In dogs and cats: C7/T12/L7/S3/CC-variable.
In horses:
In rabbits: |
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Term
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Definition
| Cranial-most aspect of sternum. Forms part of thoracic inlet. |
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Term
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Definition
| 8 pieces in dogs. Point of attachment for costal cartilage of true ribs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caudal-most aspect of the sternum. Point of insertion for the linea alba. Pointed ventrally in cats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the dorsal bony part of the rib meets up with the ventral cartilaginous part. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of a bony (dorsal) and cartilage (ventral) part. 13 ribs in the dog and cat, 18 in the horse. Are named after the caudal vertebral attachment. In dogs, ribs 10-12 are 'asternal', attaching to the cartilage of rib 9 rather than the sternum. Rib 13 is a 'floating rib', and does not articulate with the sternum. |
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Term
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Definition
| The thirteenth rib in dogs, does not attach to the sternum by bone or by cartilage. |
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Term
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Definition
| The head of the rib articulates with one vertebra cranially and the tubercule of the rib articulates with one vertebrae caudally. The rib is numbered by the caudal vertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small spinous processes and small transverse processes. Have two large holes in addition to the spinal foramen. C6 has an especially broad transverse process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by tall spinous processes. Point of attachment for ribs, nuchal ligament. T11 referred to as the anticlinal vertebrae, which points cranially or dorsally (as opposed to slantwise caudally) depending on individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by large transverse processes that aim CRANIALLY. Point of attachment for transverse abdominis. |
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Term
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Definition
| C1 and C2. Atlas is broad and flat, the Axis has a tall, broad dorsal spinous process and a bony 'dens' that inserts into the Atlas. There is no intervertebral disc between C1 and C2. Atlas meets skull in the antlanto-occipital joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligament running between vertebra at the tips of the spinous processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligament running between the vertebrae in between the spinous processes, considered part of the transversospinous system of the epaxial muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligament connecting the articular processes of the vertebrae. |
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Term
| Dorsal Longitudinal Ligament |
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Definition
| Ligament connecting vertebrae by running over dorsal surface of vertebral body (in vertebral foramen) |
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Term
| Ventral longitudinal Ligament |
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Definition
| Ligament connecting vertebrae by running caudally over the ventral surfaces of the vertebral bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective tissue placed between the vertebral bodies (except atlas and axis). Consists of a soft nucleus pulposus in the center, which is used for cushioning and shock absoprtion, and the annulus fibrosus which is a fibrous ring around the disc keeping it in place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sometimes the discs can herniate, slipping out from between the vertebral bodies and causing pinched nerves, friction btw. vertebrae. Visible on radiographs, extremely painful. |
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Term
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Definition
| Point of articulation between the atlas and the skull. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fused in almost all species. 3 in dogs, 5 in horses. |
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Term
| Caudal/coccygeal vertebrae |
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Definition
| Variable number across species and breeds. Caudal to the sacrum, point of attachment for coccygeal muscles and levator ani muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| T11: where the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae stop slanting caudally and point dorsally or cranially. |
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