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Community Dental Health
Community Dental Health
114
Anatomy
2nd Grade
03/03/2014

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Term
What is the private practice term for the community health practice of:
Survey and needs analysis
Definition
health history and exam
Term
What is the private practice term for the community health practice of:
data analysis
Definition
diagnosis
Term
What is the private practice term for the community health practice of:
program planning
Definition
treatment planning
Term
What is the private practice term for the community health practice of:
funding
Definition
payment
Term
What is the private practice term for the community health practice of:
appraisal or evaluation
Definition
evaluation
Term
What are the 4 governmental levels of community dental health?
Definition
1.international
2.federal
3.state
4.local
Term
Who published healthy people 2010?
Definition
DHHS
Term
What level is the water fluoridation level decided at?
Definition
the local level
Term
Who supplies grant funding?
Definition
federal
Term
What level of government applies for grants?
Definition
state
Term
Which level of government would provide sealant services?
Definition
local
Term
What is epidemiology?
Definition
the study of health and diseases in a population
Term
How are diseases measured in epidemiology?
Definition
quantitatively
Term
How are epidemiological studies reported?
Definition
by incidence or prevalence
Term
What is incidence?
Definition
new cases
Term
What is prevalence?
Definition
old+new cases(total cases)
Term
What are the uses for epidemiology?
Definition
-collect data to to describe normal biological processes
-understanding hist of disease process
-measuring distribution of disease in given population
-identifying determinates of disease
-testing hypothesis for disease control and prevention
-planning/evaluating health care services
Term
Epidemic
Definition
unexpectedly large number of cases in a particular population
Term
Endemic
Definition
disease that occurs regularly in a pop
Term
Pandemic
Definition
outbreak of disease over a large geographic population
Term
What do descriptive studies determine?
Definition
who is getting the disease and where/when the disease is occuring
Term
What do experimental studies test?
Definition
hypothesis to establish cause
Term
What is the null hypothesis sometimes refered to as?
Definition
the HO
Term
What is another word for an alternative hypothesis? What is it?
Definition
-H1
-alternative way to explain an phenomenon
Term
What do test subject in the control group receive?
Definition
a placebo
Term
What is the best way to prevent bias?
Definition
double blindness where test subjects or researcher does not know who is receiving the experimental treatment
Term
What are analytical studies aimed at testing?
Definition
the hypothesis
Term
What are the 3 types of analytical studies?
Definition
1.retrospective(case-control)
2.prospective
3.longitudinal
Term
What are retrospective or case control studies?
Definition
looks at past event and how if effects things now
Term
What are prospective studies?
Definition
data collected over time to see how a condition develops(ex studying group of kids in fluoridated and non fluoridated water areas over time to see caries)
Term
What is a longitudinal study?
Definition
a study conducted over a long period of time, retrospective and prospective studies CAN be longitudinal
Term
What is random sampling?
Definition
everyone in population has same chance of being picked
Term
What is stratified sampling?
Definition
selecting element according to certain subgroups, ex: select 2 people from each class to participate in a experiment
Term
What is systematic sampling?
Definition
every Nth person
Term
What is judgement sampling?
Definition
someone familiar with the pop selections the sample, HIGH bias
Term
What is convenience sampling?
Definition
based on convenience (ex: 1st ten people to walk through door will be sampled)
Term
What is the dependent variable?
Definition
the thing/group being experimented
Term
What is the independent variable?
Definition
the experiment
Term
What are the two types of statistics?
Definition
descriptive and inferential studies
Term
What are descriptive studies?
Definition
measures of central tendency
Term
What does a data matrix do?
Definition
measures data scores from lowest to highest
Term
What does a frequency distribution measure?
Definition
how often each score occurs
Term
What are the 3 main methods to group scores?
Definition
1.ungrouped
2.cumulative
3.grouped
Term
What are ungrouped scored?
Definition
data is presented in ascending or descending order along with the frequency of each score (ex hatch marks)
Term
What are cumulative scores?
Definition
total number people receiving a certain score or higher
Term
What are grouped scores?
Definition
grouping data into consecutive intervals
ex:
91-96=8(8 ppl recieved an A)
88-89=2(2 ppl recieved a B)
Term
What are the 3 measures of central tendency?
Definition
mean, median, mode
Term
What is the most common measure of central tendency?
Definition
mean
Term
Is the median effected by extreme high or low scores?
Definition
No
Term
What is the mode?
Definition
the most frequently occurring score within a data matrix
Term
What are the mean, median, and mode like in an normal distribution or bell curve?
Definition
they are equal
Term
How much % lies within one SD? 2?
Definition
68.2%, 96%
Term
What is the most commonly used method of dispersion in oral hygiene research and reflect the range?
Definition
the standard deviation
Term
When is a positive skew, where is the median and mode?
Definition
when more scores fall into the lower range, median to the left
Term
What is a negative skew, where is the median and mode?
Definition
more scores fall into a higher range, one person does really bad, median and mode to right
Term
What are inferential studies?
Definition
allows one to generalize finding from a sample to a whole pop
Term
What is validity?
Definition
does the test measure what its supposed to measure?
Term
What is reliability?
Definition
gets same results
Term
What is intaexaminer reliability?
Definition
consistent performance by the same evaluator
Term
What is interexaminer reliability?
Definition
consistent performance between different examiners
Term
What is interexaminer reliability increased by?
Definition
calibration
Term
What is sensitivity?
Definition
the ability of a test to be able to identify the presence of a disease
Term
What is specificity?
Definition
the ability of a test to identify the absence of a disease
Term
What does the correlation coefficient do?
Definition
determines the strength between 2 variables +1- -1, the closer to either the stronger it is
Term
What is an example of a positive correlation? Negative?
Definition
positive-the more garlic you eat, the more your breath stinks
negative- the more you brush, the less plaque you have
Term
What are tests used in inferential stastics?
Definition
-t-test
-ANOVA
-p-value
Term
What are t-tests?
Definition
looks at hypothetical difference between 2 mean scores
Term
What are ANOVA tests?
Definition
-analysis of variance
-compares statistical difference between 3 or more mean scores
Term
What is p-value?
Definition
refers to the probability that a condition would happen just by chance without experimental intervention
Term
What does the pvalue need to be?
Definition
less than 0.05 (1/20)
Term
What is primary prevention?
Definition
prevents problem like mouthguard or sealants
Term
What is secndary prevention?
Definition
fixes problem like filling, crowns, periodontal therapy
Term
What is tertiary prevention?
Definition
replacing lost tissues ex implants and bridges
Term
What are the characteristics of an ideal index?
Definition
-simple
-valid
-reliable
-clear
-sensitive
-quantifiable
-objective
-accepted
Term
What is an example of a reversible index?
Definition
gingivitis index
Term
What is an example of irreversible indices?
Definition
periodontal and caries
Term
What are simple indicies?
Definition
measures presence of disease
Term
What are cumulative indicies?
Definition
measures all of the evidence of a condition(past and present)
Term
What does DMFT (decayed, missing, filled, teeth)?
Definition
measures past and present caries experience in adults
Term
What is deft? What does it not take into account?
Definition
-decayed, need for extraction, filled teeth
-irreversible
-does NOT take into account teeth that have been lost due to cavities
Term
What is dft? Who is this used on?
Definition
-decayed filled teeth/surfaces
-used on deciduous teeth
Term
What is RCI? What does it require?
Definition
-root caries index
-requires recession(decay only counted that is present on the root surface)
Term
What is CAMBRA?
Definition
-caries management by risk assessment
-caries risk assessment
-low, mod, or high risk
Term
What is the GI?
Definition
-gingival index
-reversible
Term
What is SBI? What does it detect? When is it useful?
Definition
-sucular bleeding index
-detect early signs of gingivitis
-useful in short-term trials
Term
PDI? Is it reversible or irreversible? who developed this?
Definition
-Periodontal disease index
-either reversible or irreversible bc it measures gingivitis and perio seperately
-developed by Ramfjord
Term
What is the Pi? Is it reversible? What does it look at and why is it questionable? Who developed it?
Definition
-Periodontal index
-looks at surrorunding tissues
-questionable because it does not have CAL
-developed by russel
Term
What does PSR stand for?
Definition
periodontal screening and recoring
Term
What is the CPITN? Who developed it?
Definition
-community periodontal index of treatment needs
-determines NEED vs STATUS
-developed by WHO
Term
Can you use a normal probe for CPITN?
Definition
no, it requires a special probe
Term
What is OHI-S? Who is it better for, groups or individuals?
Definition
-oral hygiene index simplified
-measures sub and supra plaque and calc
-better for groups
Term
What is PII? Who developed it? What is it used in conjunction with?
Definition
-plaque index
-developed by Silness and Loe
-used in conjunction with gingival index
-scores plaque according to thickness at the gingival margin
Term
What is PHP? What does it measure?
Definition
-patient hygiene performance
-measues plaque after toothbrushing
Term
What is VMI? What is it used for, what does it measure?
Definition
-Volpe-Manhold index
-used for test agents for plaque control and calculus inhibition
-measures supragingival calculus formation following prophylaxis
Term
What is the first step in planning a program?
Definition
needs assessment
Term
What does the needs assessment do?
Definition
collects baseline data
Term
What is the best way to conduct a needs assessment for a large group?
Definition
survery
Term
What are access to care issues?
Definition
-needs
-demand
-utilization
-barriers
Term
What is a type I examination method?
Definition
comprehensive exam, uses mirror, explorer, light, radiographs, anything else needed
Term
What is a type II exam?
Definition
limited exam with instruments, limited radiographs
Term
What is a type III exam?
Definition
mouth mirror and light only
Term
Type IV exam?
Definition
tongue depressor and light only
Term
Who is medicare for? Medicaid?
Definition
medicare-old people
medicaid -poor people
Term
What is COBRA?
Definition
extension of insurance when someone is fired
Term
Block grant?
Definition
lump sum of money given to a group to use at their discretion to meet a need
Term
Line item grant?
Definition
specifies where money goes
Term
Objectives must be BLANK.
Definition
measurable
Term
What is external motivation? What is internal motivation?
Definition
external-promise of a reward
internal-change as a result of self-awareness
Term
What is formal delivery? Informal?
Definition
formal-lecture, discussion, etc
informal-brochures, pamphlets, video, etc
Term
What are the stages of learning? (6)
Definition
1.unawareness
2.awareness
3.self-interest
4.involvement
5.action
6.habit
Term
What is an example of a formal program analysis? Informal?
Definition
formal-pre and post test
informal-questioning during presentation
Term
What is summative evaluation?
Definition
outcomes evaluation, after program
Term
What is formative evaluation?
Definition
conducted during program
Term
What are the 4 steps in planning a community program?
Definition
1.needs assessment
2.planning a community project
3.implementation of a community program
4.program evaluation
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