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Common Food Borne Disease
Welborn
29
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
04/30/2011

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Term
Describe the foodborne illness equation
Definition
Pathogenic bacteria + perishable food + warm temperature + time + susceptible individual = Foodborne illness
Term
Foodborne illness
Definition
any illness resulting from the consumption of food
Term
Foodborne infection
Definition
Food serves as a carrier for the bacteria
Invasive: penetrate gi lining/multiply
Non-invasive: multiply without penetration
Term
Foodborne poisoning
Definition
often used for all causes of foodborne disease although this isn't correct
Term
Foodborne intoxication
Definition
from the ingestion of food containing preformed toxins
Term
What is the Danger Zone (besides an awesome song from Top Gun)?
Definition
Temp range of 40-140F
Term
What are generalized growth requirements for organisms that cause foodborne illness?
Definition
40-140F
pH>4.6
aw>.85
O2 requirements are variable
nutrient requirements are variable
Term
Samonellosis
Definition
Foodborne infection
onset 8-72 hours
Disease: 4-7 days
Clinical signs: diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort
mortality <1%

No detectable change in food
Term
Salmonella cycle
Definition
farm->transport->slaughter facility->offal->feed->farm
Term
Factors leading to foodborn salmonella outbreak
Definition
contamination
mishandling (allows growth to occur)
Term
How can you prevent salmonellosis?
Definition
cook foods to proper temp
separate raw food from cooked
storing foods at proper temp
Term
Staph aureus
Definition
Gram + cocci
No detectable changes in food
Only foodborne organism that can grow at aw<90
Six different enterotoxins which are heat stabile (unique)
Transmission is from person to person
Term
What is the most common form of foodborne illness?
Definition
Staphylococcal
Term
Is staph a food poisoning or illness?
Definition
intoxication (poisoning) the bacteria must grow in the food and produce a toxin, presence of viable bacteria isn't necessary, just the presence of the toxin.
Term
what is staph usually associated with?
Definition
humane and animals
nasal passages, pimples, skin infections, udder, hands
Term
What does the staph enterotoxin cause?
Definition
GI enteritis: inflammation/irritation, onset of symptoms is within 2-4 hours
Explosive diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Recovery within 24 hours
Term
What are common causes of Staph aureus food poisoning?
Definition
mishandling:
food not kept at proper temp
sufficient time for growth and toxin production
Term
Clostridium perfringens
Definition
anaerobic, spore-forming rod
Soil dweller, intestinal tracts of humans/animals
requires preformed aa/vitamins
meat, poultry, soups, gravies
spores are heat-stable
no person to person spread
Term
symptoms of C. perfringens
Definition
onset 8-22 hours
typically mild
dairrhea, abdominal pain and gas, fever and vomiting rare
recovery within 24 hours
Term
Is C. perfringens a food poisoning or food illness?
Definition
Poisoning, since a toxin produces the illness.

But possess qualities of both...extensive growth in the food is required and the bacteria continue to grow in the GI tract producing spores
Term
when is C. perfringens a problem?
Definition
in the food service industry:
banquets, picnics, meals for large groups
food prepared in advance and kept warm
Term
Botulism
Definition
Anaerobic, spore-forming rod
soil dweller, prefers non-acid foods
7 types: A-g
A,B,E,F cause human illness
A and B associated with home canning
E associated with fish
Spores: distributed via dust, air or water
Term
Botulism intoxication
Definition
uncommon, highly fatal food intoxication caused by ingestion of preformed toxin
Common foods: meat, sausage, shrimp, vegetables
Term
Symptoms of botulism intoxication
Definition
onset within 18-24 hours
double vision, swallowing difficulty, respiratory distress and death possible
Flaccid paralysis: toxin binds to neuromuscular junction
Paralysis progresses ventrally.
Term
Botulism toxin
Definition
Heat labile: destroyed by boiling for 30 minutes
Spoilage is generally detectable: bad odor, gassy, signs of spoilage, bulging cans/lids
Term
Why are botulsim spores so hard to get rid of?
Definition
heat stable
requires temps of 240-250 F under pressure for a particular length of time in order to destroy
Term
infant botulism
Definition
DON'T FEED INFANTS HONEY!!!!
Foodborne infection
ingested spored grow and produce toxin
infants <12 months of age
GI tract less acidic: allow growth
no honey for infants
most common form of botulism in US 80cases/year (still not common)
Term
Bacillus cereus
Definition
aerobic, gram - spore forming rod
need large numbers to cause disease
mild signs
uncommon in US
Term
Is Bacillus cereus an illness or intoxication?
Definition
intoxication
two toxins produced:
toxin 1: diarrhea, abdominal pain within 6-15 hours
toxin 2: nausea/vomiting within .5-6 hours
No person-to-person spread
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