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CNS
lamar
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2008

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Term
spinal cord
Definition
Conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the body
Term
cerebrum
Definition
The largest part of the brain in mammals. Composed of the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
Lies between the temporal bone and the lateral sulcus. Function sin memory, vision, learning, hearing and emotional behavior
Term
gyri
Definition
Thick folds in the surface of the cerebrum
Term
cerebellum
Definition
The second largest part of the brain in mammals, and the largest part of the brain in birds. The cerebellum is involved in the regulation of posture and balance, fine motor control of skeletal muscles, and repetitive movements
Term
mammillary body
Definition
Processes olfactory information and contains centers for reflex movements involved in eating, such as chewing, licking and swallowing
Term
corpus callosum
Definition
Contains the nerve tracts and physically joins the cerebral hemispheres
Term
midbrain
Definition
Also called the “mesencophalon” located above the pons. It is the smallest part of the brain stem and the orgin for the oculomotor trochlear, and trigeminal cranial nerves
Term
pons
Definition
Located just above the medulla on the brain stem. Works with the medulla to control respiration. Helps regulate sleep. Is the orgin for the trigeminal, abducens, facial and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves
Term
optic chiasma
Definition
Located on the bottom-center of the brain where two optic nerves cross
Term
arachnoid layer of meninges
Definition
a vascular layer of connective tissue which functions to protect the brain and spinal cord
Term
gray matter of spinal cord
Definition
this area is shaped like a butterfly or the H in the cross section. it is composed of neuron cell bodies, neuroglia cells, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. it has three regions: the anterior, lateral, and posterior horns. the central canal is in the center of the gray matter
Term
dorsal root of spinal nerve
Definition
these structures contain the axons of the autonomic sensory neurons
Term
dorsal root ganglion
Definition
this area contains the cell bodies of somatic and autonomic sensory neurons
Term
spinal nerve
Definition
these are the nerve tracks that connect the spinal cord with various regions of the body
Term
trigeminal nerve (V)
Definition
a mixed nerve divided into three parts. the divisions originate in teh face,jaws, mouth, tongue, scalp and terminate in teh pons. its sensory function is to transport information from various touch receptors on the face. its motor function is chewing
Term
facial nerve (VII)
Definition
a mixed nerve with motor neurons originating in the pons. sensory functions are the reception of taste stimuli for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and the position of face and scalp muscles
Term
accessory nerve (xi)
Definition
a mixed nerve originaing int eh medulla and the upper cervical portions of the spinal cord. controls swallowing and movemtns of the head, neck and sholders. sensory function is to provide info on teh position of those muscles
Term
somatic reflexes
Definition
quadriceps femoris
Term
achilles reflex
Definition
gastrocnemius muscle
Term
pupil response to light
Definition
gets smaller
Term
free nerve endings
Definition
light touch, temp, pain
Term
hair follicle receptors
Definition
lout touch when the hair is displaced
Term
meissner's corpuscles
Definition
light touch and low freq. vibrations
Term
lamellated or pacinian corpuscles
Definition
high freq. vib, pressure, stretch, and tickling
Term
ruffini's cylinders
Definition
pressure touch
Term
supporting cells
Definition
these cells form the capsule surrounding the taste receptor cells. these cells support and protect the receptor cells
Term
taste receptor cells
Definition
apx 50 receptor cells in a taste bud. has a microvilli called a "taste hair" prodtruding througha pore on teh apical surface of the taste bud. these hairs are teh receptor surface for taste stimuli
Term
basal cells
Definition
these cells are found peripherally on the base of a taste bud. they develop into supporting cells and then into receptor cells which live about 10 days
Term
filiform papillae
Definition
these are small, spike-like projections found all over the tongue. they are the most abundant papillae, but lack taste buds. they roughen the tongue and make food manipulation easier
Term
lamina propria
Definition
the connective tissue beneath the olfactory epithelium
Term
supporting cells
Definition
columnar epithelial cells found in the olfactory epithelium between the olfactory receptor cells
Term
bowman's glands
Definition
these are mucus glands found in the lamina propria that moisten olfactory epithelium and dissolve odor molecules
Term
external auditory canal
Definition
the passageway that directs sound waves from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
Term
ceruminous glands
Definition
secrete cerumen or earwax into theh external auditory canal. located at the base of hairs that line the canal. helps prevent foreign substan. from reaching teh delicate tympanic membrane
Term
stapedius
Definition
a small skeletal muscle which protects the oval window by dampening the vibration of the stapes in response to loud noises
Term
tensor tympani
Definition
a small skeletal muscle which limits movemnt of ossicles and increases tension of the tympanic membrane to prevent damage in response to loud, prolonged noises
Term
cochlea
Definition
a part of the bony labyrinth resempling a snail shell. contain the conchlear duct
Term
semicircular canals
Definition
a part of the bony labyrinth containing semicirucular ducts
Term
eyebrow
Definition
located superior to the eye, partially shade they eyes, and protect them from sweat
Term
sclera
Definition
white of the eye. tough tendon-like layer, contains dura matter of the brain arround the optic nerve. it shapes the eye and its the insertion point for the six muscles which control eye movements
Term
iris
Definition
lies just under the cornea. the layer to which we attribute eye color. composed of two layers of pupilary muscles that control the diameter of the pupil, and thus the amount of light entering the eye.
Term
ciliary body
Definition
a thick ring of tissue attached to, and lies just underneath the iris. changes the lens shape to focus light onto the retina
Term
lens
Definition
located beneath the iris and held in teh center of the pupil by suspending ligaments extending from the ciliary body. focuses an image on teh retina by changing shape under the influence of teh ciliary muscles
Term
cones
Definition
photoreceptor cells responsible for high acuity color vision. only operate in bright light. there are three types of cones: sensitive to red, green or blue light
Term
dvorine pseudo-isochromatic
Definition
color blind test
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