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CNS and PNS Test Study
cns pns spinal cord brain lobes
41
Anatomy
12th Grade
12/03/2014

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Cards

Term
Name 3 parts of Meninges:
Definition
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
Term
Name 11 parts of Cerebrum:
Definition
hemispheres, longitudinal fissure, corpus callosum, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, insula, lateral ventricle, septum pellucidum, caudate nucleus
Term
Name 3 parts of Cerebellum:
Definition
gray matter, arbor vitae, fourth ventricle
Term
Name 7 parts of Diencephalon
Definition
optic chiasma, infunibulum, mammillary bodies, thalamus, pineal body, fornix, third ventricle
Term
Name 3 parts of Midbrain
Definition
cerebral peduncles, cerebral aqueduct, corpora quadrigemina
Term
Name 3 parts of Brainstem
Definition
midbrain, pons, medulla
Term
Dura Mater
Definition
-strong white fibrous tissue, hard mother
-subdural hematoma(large blood clot, trauma)
-serves as inner periosteum of cranial bones
-extensions: falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli
Term
Arachnoid Membrane
Definition
-cobweb like layer, spiderweb
Term
Pia Mater
Definition
-adheres to brain, translucent, soft mother
-contains blood vessels
Term
Meninges
Definition
-dura mater, arachnoid, Pia mater
-meningitis
-falx cerebri seperates right and left hemispheres
Term
Ventricles
Definition
-4 fluid filled spaces
-lateral ventricles located in cerebrum
-lateral seperated by septum pellucidum
Term
Chloroid Plexus
Definition
-forms CSF which is circulated via ventricles and provides cushion
-CSF resides in subarachnoid space
-CSF accumulation in Subarachnoid space is external hydrocephalus
Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition
-controls heart rate, blood press, breathing
-pyramids
-joins spinal cord to the brain
-reticular formation consisting of gray and white matter
-vomiting
Term
Pons
Definition
-helps vital functions
Term
Dorsal nerve root
Definition
-carry sensory info to spinal cord (afferent)
-unipolar cell body neurons make up gray
matter called dorsal root ganglia
-ascending tracks impulses up to brain
-if dorsal root ganglia destroyed, a person would lose sensory perception of that pathway
-dorsal root has noticeable swelling
Term
Ventral nerve root
Definition
-carries motor info out of spinal cord, efferent
-multipoloar cell body neurons compose inner core of gray matter
-descending tracks impulses down from brain
Term
Spinal nerve
Definition
-dorsal and ventral join to make a single spinal nerve
-ramus is a initial large branching
-plexus is a network of nerves that come together to innervate a specific region
Term
Spinal cord
Definition
-posterior gray horns contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei
-anterior fissure is deeper
-lower end is called cauda equina
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
-white matter is arbor vitae
-shallow grooves are called sulci
-islands of gray matter are called basal ganglia
-maintains equillibrium, helps smooth/coordinated movements, posture
-connected to thalamus and motor cortex areas of the cerebrum
-muscle memory, balance
-receives impulses from labyrinth of ear
Term
Pineal Gland
Definition
-biological clock, produces melatonin, regulates sleep
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
-connects left and right hemispheres
Term
frontal lobe
Definition
-central sulcus divides frontal and parietal lobe
-language and memory
Term
Limbic System
Definition
-emotions
-hippocampus is associated with short term memory
-amygdala helps decode
Term
cerebrum
Definition
-language, consciousness, memory, awareness of sensations
-largest section
-intelligence, personality
-cerebral cortex is gray matter on the outside : responsible for thought, memory, awareness, language, reasoning
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
-perception of sound
Term
occipital lobe
Definition
-visual perception
Term
Reticular activating system
Definition
-when stimulated causes consciousness
-REM: sleep, dreaming
-SWS: slow wave sleep, no dreams
Term
Midbrain
Definition
-connect brain stem and cerebrum via cerebral peduncles
Term
Corpora Quadrigemina
Definition
-body of four twins
-superior colliculi: visual processing
-inferior colliculi: auditory processing
Term
Red nucleaus and Substantia nigri
Definition
-function motor control, secretes dopamine
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
-connect info from nervous and endocrine system to maintain homeostasis
-regulates apetite and feelings of satisfaction
-mind body link (psychosomatic affect)
-temp control site
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
-"between brain", routing info, homeostasis
-opic chiasma
Term
Thalamus
Definition
-detects mild pain and temp sensation, determines pleasure, relays sensory info to cerebrum
-impulses alert cerebrum
Term
Parietal lobe
Definition
-integration of motor and sensory info
Term
Broca and wernicke
Definition
-Broca is motor speech
-Wernicke is sensory speech
Term
Diseases and etc.
Definition
-Parkinsons diseas is of the cerebral nuclei
-PNS (singles:dermatome, mytome), Sciatica, neurofibromatosis
Term
Spinal nerves
Definition
-31 pairs
-cervical:8, thoracic: 12, lumbar:5, Sacral:5, Coccygeal:1
-phrenic nerve innervates diaphragm
Term
Cranial nerves
Definition
-12 pairs that originate mostly from brain stem
-can carry sensory, motor, or both
-Olfactory (smell), Optic(vision), Oculomotor(reg of pupil size), Trochlear (innervation of superior oblique eye muscle), Tirgeminal (Chewing), Abducens (abduction of eye), facial (expressions), vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance), glossopharyngeal (swallowing), vagus (intestines), accessory (shoulder), hypoglossal (tongue movement)
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Term
PNS
Definition
-autonomic NS> sympathetic and Parasympathetic
-sympathetic>norepinephrine (normal stimulation of involuntary action) and epinephrine (fight or flight)
-Parasympathetic> uses acetylcholine which prevents overstimulation and rests and repairs
Term
Reflex arc
Definition
sensory receptor>sensory neuron>interneuron>motor neuron> effector (muscle or gland)
Term
Path of CSF
Definition
-lateral ventricles>interventricular foramen>third ventricle>cerebral aqueduct>fourth ventricle
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