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CMN 102
Experimental Research
6
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
02/22/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Strengths and weaknesses of experimental research
Definition
  • Strengths of experimental research
    • Evidence of causality
    • Control
    • Experiments can be replicated several times
    • Cost
  • Weaknesses of experimental research
    • Artificiality of labratory setting
      • Social processes that occur in a lab might not occur in a more natural society
    • Researcher (experimenter) bias
      • To handle this bias, the double-blind technique is used
    • Limited scope
Term
Three components of an experimental study
Definition
  • Independent and dependent variables
    • Effect of stimulus on some outcome variable
  • Pretesting and post-testing
    • Ability to assess change before and after manipulation
  • Experimental and control groups
    • Comparison group that does not get stimulus
Term
Experimental group vs. Control group
Definition
  • Must be as similar as possible
    • Importance of randomization
  • Control group represents what the experimental group would have been like had it not been exposed to the experimental stimulu.
Term
How to control for the effects of onfounding (or extraneous) variables to ensure internal validity
Definition
  • Randomization
  • Matching
    • Matching by constancy
      • i.e. use only female participants, test all subjects at same time of day, etc.
      • May reduce external validity
        • i.e., do results generalize to men?
    • Matching by pairing
      • Participants are paired on a similar value of an extranous variable before being assigned to different groups
      • Requires a pretest and prior knowledge about the subjects
Term

Five experimental designs

  1. Pretest-Posttest Control Group
  2. Posttest-Only Control Group
  3. Solomon Four-Group Design
  4. Factorial Design
  5. Quasi-Experimental Design
Definition
  1. Pretest-Posttest Control Group
    •  Compare the difference in pre-test and post-test samples of the experimental group with the difference in the pre-test and post-test samples of the control group
  2. Posttest-Only Control Group
    • Compare post-test sample of experimental group with post-test sample of control group.
  3. Solomon Four-Group Design
    • The population is randomly divided into four samples. Two of the groups are experimental samples. Two groups experience no experimental manipulation of variables. Two groups receive a pretest and a post test. Two groups receive only a post test. This is an improvement over the classical design because it controls for the effect of the pretest.
  4. Factorial Design
    • 2x2
  5. Quasi-Experimental Design
    • #1 all crossed up
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