Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Clinical Overview
Pg. 41-43
36
Anatomy
Professional
02/14/2011

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Cards

Term
how are physeal fractures classified?
Definition
salter or salter-harris
Term
what is the #1 joint disorder in dogs, rate in cats? list joints commonly affected
Definition
DJD
hip (dysplasia)
elbow
stifle
shoulder
Term
what must be damaged if the hip is luxated?
Definition
ligament of the head of the femur is torn
Term
which is more common, medial and lateral patellar luxation?
Definition
medial
Term
list 3 common sites of OC in dogs
Definition
#1 shoulder (caudal head)
elbow (medial condyle of humerus)
stifle (medial or lateral femoral condyle)
tarsus (medial trochlea of the talus)
Term
what is inflammation of a tendon without involvement of the tendon sheath?
Definition
tendinitis
Term
what is inflammation of a tendon sheath?
Definition
tendosynovitis/tenosynovitis (tendovaginitis)
Term
what is the bulging of the sheath due to pathological increase in synovial fluid?
Definition
hygroma of the tendon sheath
Term
why does the amount of fluid present indicate the state of health of a joint?
Definition
minimal in the healthy animal
Term
what is inflammation of a bursa?
Definition
bursitis
Term
list names for inflammation of a joint:
arthritis
arthropathy
polyarthritis
osteitis
osteomyelitis
osteoarthritis
osteroarthrosis
osteoarthropathy
Definition
inflammation of a joint
any joint disease
inflammation of several joints
inflamm. of bone, osteomyelitis
inflamm of bone, osteitis
non inflamm DJD aka DJD
chronicnoninflamm.bone/jointdisease, DJD
any disease of joint and bones
Term
what is an infection in a joint with bacteria, virus and or fungus that causes cartilage damage?
Definition
septic (infection, bacterial) arthritis
Term
define DJD
Definition
progressive deterioration of articular cartilage due to many causes (trauma, age, OC, infection) aka osteomyelitis, osteoarthritis
Term
how does DJD start?
Definition
synovits, results in progressive degradation of the cartilage
Term
how does DJD appear radiographically?
Definition
marginal osteophyte (new bone at joint capsule attachment) formation is the hallmark, subchondral bone sclerosis or irregularity, and narrowing of joint space
Term
what is an unhealed fracture, having all the structures of a synovial joint?
Definition
false joint - treatment requires resection, graft and compression fixation
Term
what is an articular fracture?
Definition
fracture that passes thru the articular cartilage
Term
what are 2 types of angular limb deformities?
Definition
valgus and varus
Term
define tremor
intention tremor
Definition
tremor: small rapid alternating movements at rest
intention tremor: tremor that becomes worse with initiation of a movement and disappears at rest
Term
what does an intention tremor indicate?
Definition
cerebellar disease
Term
what is the most common nystagmus?
Definition
rhythmic jerking with a fast and slow component
Term
how is nystagmus described?
Definition
by the direction of the quick movement
Term
what does nystagmus at rest indicate?
Definition
abnormality, usually indicates vestibular dysfunction
Term
how do the eyes move with nystagmus at rest?
Definition
eyes move to the side of the lesion and snap back
Term
define myoclonus (flexor spasm)
Definition
coarse jerking movements of muscle groups at rest
Term
define dysmetria
Definition
improper measuring of distance in muscular activity, either too short or too long a range of motion
Term
what type of disease causes dysmetria?
Definition
cerebellar disease (especially hypermetria)
Term
define clonus/clonic muscular spasms
Definition
rapidly alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation (UMN sign)
Term
what is miosis?
Definition
constriction of pupil
Term
what is enophthalmos?
Definition
sinking of the eyeball
Term
what is ptosis of the upper eyelid?
Definition
"drooping"
Term
what lymph nodes are located in the cranial mediastinum?
Definition
cranial mediastinal lymph nodes
Term
where can neoplastic cells metastasize by lymph channels?
Definition
lungs (thru general circulation)
also to more centrally located lymph nodes
Term
to where do hematogenous metastases from the abdominal GI organs go?
Definition
via portal vein to liver
Term
why are needle or surgical biposies of lymph nodes performed?
Definition
to evaluate changes for diagnostic purposes
Term
why are lymph nodes cut and checked during meat inspection and necropsy?
Definition
checked for changes in color and consistency indicating pathogenic processes
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